Preprečevanje okužbe kirurške rane s poudarkom na higieni rok v operacijskih prostorih : pregled literature

Murgelj, Nina (author), Ravljen, Mirjam (mentor)

Uvod: Okužba kirurške rane predstavlja pri kirurških pacientih najpogostejšo bolnišnično okužbo. Povzroči okvaro tkiva, podaljša celjenje rane, poveča obolevnost in smrtnost pacientov. Temeljna naloga zdravstvenih delavcev je preprečevanje nastanka okužb kirurških ran in izvajanje ukrepov, ki pacientom omogočajo varno zdravstveno oskrbo. Higiena rok je najpreprostejši in najučinkovitejši način za preprečevanje okužbe kirurške rane. Pod higieno rok v operacijskih prostorih spadata kirurško umivanje in razkuževanje rok ter uporaba sterilnih kirurških rokavic. Namen: Namen diplomskega dela je s pomočjo strokovne in znanstvene literature predstaviti okužbo kirurške rane. Usmerili smo se predvsem na preprečevanje nastanka okužbe kirurške rane - s poudarkom na pomenu higiene rok zaposlenih v operacijskem bloku - ter na dileme v zvezi z uporabo kirurških rokavic. Metode dela: V diplomskem delu smo uporabili deskriptivno metodo s pregledom literature. Literaturo smo v slovenskem jeziku iskali v podatkovni bazi COBISS.SI, v angleškem jeziku pa smo jo iskali s pomočjo podatkovnih baz CHINAL, Medline, ERIC, PubMed. Uporabljeni so bili prispevki od leta 2007 do 2017, s poudarkom na novejših člankih. Razprava in sklep: Okužba kirurške rane predstavlja četrtino vseh bolnišničnih okužb, kljub temu da so znani načini preprečevanja. V Sloveniji za zdaj nimamo poenotenih ukrepov za preprečevanje okužb in dobro organiziranega sledenja okužbam, kar bi lahko prineslo izboljšanje na področju preprečevanja nastanka okužbe kirurške rane. Za varno zdravstveno oskrbo so odgovorni vsi zaposleni, pomembno vlogo pa imajo operacijske medicinske sestre. Imeti morajo dobro strokovno znanje ter prepoznati paciente, ki imajo povečano tveganje za pojav in nastanek okužbe. Operacijske medicinske sestre morajo dosledno izvajati pomembne ukrepe za preprečevanje okužb in nadzor nad izvajanjem preventivnih ukrepov ostalih zaposlenih. Na ta način skrbijo za varnost pacientov in ne nazadnje tudi zaposlenih.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: bolnišnične okužbe, preprečevanje kirurških okužb, uporaba rokavic, umivanje rok zaposlenih
• Work type: Bachelor thesis/paper
• Organization: ZF - Faculty of Health Sciences
• Year: 2017
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-98584
• COBISS.SI-ID: 5383787
• Publication date in RUL: 08.12.2017

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: Prevention surgical site infection with focus on hand hygiene in operating room : literature review

Abstract

Introduction: The infection of surgical wounds is the most common hospital infection among surgical patients. It is an inflammatory process, which occurs after surgery. It causes tissue damage, prolongs the healing of a wound, and increases the chances of sickness and death in patients. The main duty of health care workers is to prevent the infection of surgical wounds and to take precautions, which enable safe health care for patients. Hand hygiene is the easiest and most effective way to prevent infection of the surgical wound. Under hand hygiene in the operating rooms are classified as surgical washing and disinfecting hands and the use of sterile surgical gloves. Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to present the infection of surgical wounds using professional and scientific literature. The main topic is prevention of infection, with the focus being on the importance of hand hygiene of workers in the surgical department and the dilemmas regarding the use of surgical gloves. Methods: This paper employs the descriptive method with an overview of literature. The literature in Slovene was gathered using the database COBISS.SI, while the English literature was gathered using the databases CHINAL, Medline, ERIC, PubMed. We have used articles between the years 2007 and 2017, with focus on the more recent ones. Discussion and conclusion: Infection of the surgical wound represents a quarter of all hospital acquired infections, despite the fact that are known methods of prevention. In Slovenia for now there are no standardized procedures for infection prevention, also there is no well-organized tracking of wound infections, which could produce improvements in the field of prevention of infection of the surgical wound. All the employees are responsible for safe health care, but it is the surgical nurses who play a key role in preventing infection of surgical wounds. They must possess knowledge and be able to identify patients who are at increased risk for the occurrence of infection. Operating nurses should consistently implement important measures to prevent infections and control the implementation of preventive measures of the other employees. In this way they ensure the safety of patients and employees alike.

• Keywords: hospital infections, preventing surgical infections, usage of gloves, hand washing by employees