Med ljubeznijo in sovraštvom : odnos Leva Tolstoja do Ane Karenine in feministična teorija

Kljun, Maša (author), Vogrinčič Čepič, Ana (mentor), Podlesnik, Blaž (mentor)

Diplomsko delo poskuša osvetliti odnos Leva Nikolajeviča Tolstoja do glavne junakinje romana, Ane Karenine. S pomočjo feministične in tudi literarne kritike poskuša odgovoriti na vprašanje o krivdi za smrt glavne junakinje. V 20. stoletju so se odpirala vprašanja o tem, ali je za Anino smrt na koncu romana kriva tedanja družba ali morda Tolstojev odnos do žensk. Ta vprašanja ostajajo še danes. Roman s svojo večplastnostjo ponuja številne interpretacije, eno od njih je feministična kritika izrabila za dokazovanje Tolstojevega sovražnega odnosa do žensk in za dokazovanje moralne in etične oporečnosti družbe 19. stoletja. V diplomskem delu se trditve feministične kritike izkažejo za preveč posplošene in ne ponudijo celostnega vpogleda v roman. S pomočjo literarne kritike delo ponudi pogled na Tolstoja kot avtorja v širšem kontekstu in ne le kot sovražnika žensk. Tolstoj je bil predvsem genialen pisec, ki je svoj roman začel pisati z namenom, da bi osvetlil žensko vprašanje, večletna pot pisanja romana pa ga je pripeljala do umetnine, ki precizno in rahločutno opiše življenjske situacije in večplastnost karakterjev v njej. V poglavju Lisica, ki zase misli, da je jež je ponujen dodaten vpogled v avtorjevo umetniško ustvarjalnost in lahko služi kot protiutež feminističnim teorijam. V sodobnih interpretacijah romana Ana Karenina je pogosto prezrt del o Levinu, za katerega vemo, da je na nek način alter ego samega avtorja. Diplomsko delo poskuša na podlagi analize lika Levina ponazoriti avtorjev odnos do lika Ane Karenine. Anino pot od matere in vzorne soproge do padle ženske, ki se preda strastni ljubezni, delo osvetli tudi skozi odnos do njenega ljubimca Vronskega in moža Karenina. Diplomsko delo poskuša predvsem relativizirati vse enoznačne trditve feministične kritike in poudariti večplastnost romana in njegovih likov ter s tem tudi večplastnost odnosa med Tolstojem in Ano Karenino.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: ženske, družbena vloga, 19. stoletje, ruska književnost, feministična kritika, literarni liki, diplomska dela
• Work type: Undergraduate thesis
• Typology: 2.11 - Undergraduate Thesis
• Organization: FF - Faculty of Arts
• Place of publishing: Ljubljana
• Publisher: [M. Kljun]
• Year: 2016
• Number of pages: 53 f.
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-98340
• UDC: 821.161.1-311.2:305(043.2)
• COBISS.SI-ID: 59832418
• Publication date in RUL: 28.11.2017

KLJUN, Maša, 2016, Med ljubeznijo in sovraštvom : odnos Leva Tolstoja do Ane Karenine in feministična teorija [online]. Bachelor’s thesis. Ljubljana : M. Kljun. [Accessed 23 April 2025]. Retrieved from: https://repozitorij.uni-lj.si/IzpisGradiva.php?lang=eng&id=98340

Secondary language

Abstract

The aim of this dissertation is to shed light on Lev Nikolayevich Tolstoy's attitude towards his protagonist Anna Karenina. Leaning on the principles of feminist theory and literary criticism, it considers the question of the author's responsibility for the death of his leading character. In the 20th century, questions were brought forward whether it was the rules of contemporary society that were to blame for Anna's death or was it, perhaps, Tolstoy's general attitude towards women. These questions remain open to this day. The novel's multilayered complexity offers several possible interpretations, one of which was exploited by feminist theory in order to prove Tolstoy's apparent animosity towards women and as a way of questioning the morals and ethics of 19th century society. In the course of our research, these claims turned out to be too generalist and are not offering a holistic reflection on the core of the novel. With the help of literary criticism, we attempt to highlight alternative views that go beyond interpreting Tolstoy as a hater of womankind. Tolstoy was, first and foremost, a brilliant writer, who began his novel with a mission to highlight the woman question, resulting in a multitude of years dedicated to creating a body of work that reveals precisely and innately the life situations and complexity of its characters. The chapter A fox, who considers herself a hedgehog offers additional insight into the author's artistic expression and can serve as a counterbalance to feminist theories. Modern interpretations of Anna Karenina often overlook the part of the novel dedicated to Levin, which we know can be interpreted as the author's alter ego. Our thesis is based on the analysis of the character Levin as a way to highlight the author's relationship towards Anna Karenina. Anna's journey from the mother and model wife to a fallen woman, broken in the face of passionate love, is also considered through her relationships with her lover Vronsky and her husband Karenin. This treatise therefore mainly attempts to relativise all singular claims of feminist theories and evoke the multilayered nature of the novel and its characters, and therefore also the complexity of the relationship between Tolstoy and Anna Karenina.