Sprostitvene dejavnosti v vrtcu : diplomsko delo

Peternel Amon, Zvezdana (author), Geršak, Vesna (mentor)

V današnjem modernem času, ki je nasičen s sodobno tehnologijo in materialnimi dobrinami, je vse več otrok, ki so nemirni, napeti, razdražljivi, glasni in vse prepogosto že v zgodnjem otroštvu izpostavljeni stresu. Manjka jim notranjega miru, tišine in sprostitve. Že majhnim dojenčkom kupujemo glasne in svetlikajoče se igrače, ki prekomerno stimulirajo njihova čutila in rušijo notranjo umirjenost. Kmalu jih vključimo v različne popoldanske aktivnosti, kar marsikaterega otroka utrudi in obremeni. V svojem diplomskem delu sem želela ugotoviti, kako določene sprostitvene metode lahko pripomorejo k večji umirjenosti in manjši napetosti otrok v predšolskem obdobju. V teoretičnem delu sem opisala, kako sprostitev vpliva na psihično in fizično počutje tako otroka kot odraslega. Poudarila sem pomen tišine in pravilno tehniko dihanja. Dihanje je zelo pomembno, saj nam omogoča, da živimo, polno in učinkovito dihanje pa je neposredno povezano z našo sproščenostjo. Predstavila sem nekaj tehnik sproščanja in poglobljeno opisala sprostitvene metode, ki sem jih izvajala z otroki. V empiričnem delu sem predstavila sprostitvene dejavnosti, ki sem jih izvajala z 4–5 let starimi otroki v vrtcu. Projekt sprostitvene dejavnosti v vrtcu sem razdelila na štiri sklope; vizualizacijo, tibetančke za otroke, jogo in masažo. Vsako tehniko smo z otroki izvedli petkrat. Temeljni namen projekta je raziskati odzive otrok na sprostitvene dejavnosti; ugotoviti, ali spol otrok vpliva na odzivnost otrok pri izvajanju sprostitvenih dejavnosti; ugotoviti, ali se lahko z rednim izvajanjem sprostitvenih dejavnosti izboljšajo odnosi med otroki in katera sprostitvena tehnika najbolj pomirjujoče vpliva na otroke. Ugotovila sem, da redno izvajanje sprostitvenih dejavnosti pozitivno vpliva na otroke in vzdušje v skupini. Ugodne vplive sem zaznala preko odziva otrok. Otroci so opazno postali bolj umirjeni in sproščeni, lažje jih je bilo motivirati za aktivnosti, ki so se izvajale v skupini, posledično se jim je podaljšal čas koncentracije. Med otroki je bilo zaznati manj prepirov, igra je potekala bolj umirjeno in v večji tišini. Odziv dečkov pri tibetančkih je bil nekoliko izrazitejši kot pri deklicah. Obratno sem opazila pri jogi in masaži, kjer je bilo zaznati intenzivnejši odziv pri deklicah.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: vrtec, otroci, vizualizacija, tibetančki, joga, masaža
• Work type: Bachelor thesis/paper
• Typology: 2.11 - Undergraduate Thesis
• Organization: PEF - Faculty of Education
• Publisher: [Z. Peternel Amon]
• Year: 2017
• Number of pages: 89 str., [1] f. pril.
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-97643
• UDC: 373.2.016(043.2)
• COBISS.SI-ID: 11792969
• Publication date in RUL: 13.12.2017

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: Relaxational activities in kindergarten

Abstract

In today’s modern times with modern technology and material assets available at every step, increasing numbers of children are restless, tense, irritable, loud, and too often exposed to stress in early childhood. They lack inner peace, quiet and relaxation. We buy loud and bright toys for infants that over-stimulate their senses and disturb their inner-calmness. Soon after that, we engage them in various afternoon activities that may cause tiredness and stress. The aim of my thesis was to determine how certain relaxation methods can lead to increased calmness and reduced tension in pre-school children. The theoretical part describes the impact of relaxation on the psychological and physical well being of children and adults. I also underlined the importance of silence and the correct breathing technique. Breathing is very important as it allows us to live, whereas full and effective breathing is directly related to our relaxation. I presented several relaxation techniques and described the calming methods I used with children in detail. The empirical part discusses the calming activities I used with 4–5 years-old children in kindergarten. The calming project in kindergarten was divided into four parts: visualisation, Tibetan exercises for children, yoga and massage. We repeated each technique five times. The main purpose of the project is to explore the children's responses to calming activities, determine whether the gender of children has an impact on the participation in calming activities, establish whether regular calming activities improve relationships between children and to determine one relaxation technique that has the most calming effect on children. I found that regular calming activities have a positive impact on children and on the atmosphere in the group. I detected positive experiences through the children’s response. They became more calm and relaxed, were easily motivated for the activities that were carried out in groups and consequently, they were concentrated for a longer period of time. In addition, children were fighting less frequently and their play-time was calmer and quieter. However, the boys were responding more to the Tibetan exercises than the girls and the girls were responding more to yoga and massage.

• Keywords: pre-school child, relaxation, predšolski otrok, sprostitev