Izkušnja učenca z optično prevaro : Amesova soba

Pirih, Maj (author), Čepič, Mojca (mentor)

Amesova soba je načrtno narejena tako, da izzove optično prevaro, ki temelji na človekovem zaznavanju globine. Globino zaznavamo z različnimi viri informacij, ki jih dobimo med opazovanjem. V grobem jih delimo na vizualne vire, ki jih pridobimo vizualno s sliko, ki nastane na mrežnici očesa, in na vire povezane z aktivnostjo očesnih mišic. V magistrskem delu sem predstavil nekaj optičnih prevar, ki jih je mogoče povezati z optično prevaro v Amesovi sobi. V nadaljevanju je opisano, kako lahko Amesovo sobo in globinski vid vključimo v pouk fizike na zanimiv način, tako da učenci aktivno sodelujejo. Sledijo aktivnosti, s katerimi učencem predstavimo optično prevaro v Amesovi sobi in človekovo zaznavanje globine. Izdelal sem veliko Amesovo sobo, v katero lahko vstopijo učenci. S premikanjem ob zadnji steni lahko opazujejo, kako se spreminja njihova navidezna velikost. Amesova soba je z namenom prenosljivosti enostavno sestavljiva in razstavljiva. Tako jo lahko postavljamo na različnih lokacijah. V Amesovi sobi sem analiziral, kako na optično prevaro vpliva premik opazovališča in tako določil idealno lego za postavitev kamere v sobi. Sobo sem uporabil kot motivacijsko sredstvo pri dejavnostih za učence, s katerimi sem razložil nastanek optične prevare v sobi in človekovo zaznavanje globine. V nadaljevanju sem predstavil primer oblikovanih dejavnosti, ki so primerne za naravoslovne dneve in podobne priložnosti. Dejavnosti sem izvedel v Centru šolskih in obšolskih dejavnosti Vojsko, v obsegu treh šolskih ur. Sodelovalo je 23 osnovnošolcev. Vsaka šolska ura je posebej analizirana. Z naključno izbranimi učenci, ki so sodelovali na aktivnostih, sem opravil polstrukturirani intervju. Tako sem preveril njihovo osvojeno znanje, istočasno pa sem pridobil mnenje o njihovi izkušnji z Amesovo sobo ter izvedenimi aktivnostmi. V prilogi so priložena navodila za postavitev Amesove sobe ter opozorila za učence, ki sobo obiščejo.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: Amesova soba, konstrukcija, optična prevara, aktivnosti, globinski vid
• Work type: Master's thesis/paper
• Typology: 2.09 - Master's Thesis
• Organization: PEF - Faculty of Education
• Publisher: [M. Pirih]
• Year: 2017
• Number of pages: IX, 85 str.
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-97568
• UDC: 53(043.2)
• COBISS.SI-ID: 11782985
• Publication date in RUL: 13.12.2017

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: Student's experience of optical illusion: Ames room

Abstract

The Ames room creates an optical illusion based on depth perception. Depth perception arises from a variety of depth cues which we obtain during our observation of the surroundings. We can classify them into visual cues based on the projected image on the retina and oculomotor cues based on eye-muscle activity. In this master’s thesis, I presented some optical illusions that are connected to the optical illusion in the Ames room. In the following chapter, I present how we can include Ames room and depth perception into classroom physics in an interesting and interactive way. Later I present activities used to teach pupils about the Ames room illusion and depth perception. I built an Ames room into which pupils can enter. While moving along the back wall, they can observe how their apparent size changes. For reasons of portability, the Ames room was constructed so that it can be easily assembled and disassembled. We can use it at different locations. I analyzed how the movement of the viewing point affects the optical illusion and later get the optimal location to position a camera in room. I used the Ames room to motivate pupils at activities used to explain depth perception and optical illusion in an Ames room. In the following chapters, I designed activities suitable for activity days in schools. I performed them at the Vojsko CŠOD center. 23 pupils participated in the activities. Activities are later analyzed. To evaluate the final knowledge of pupils and to gain their opinion on experience with the Ames room and activities, the semi-structural interview was used. I interviewed randomly chosen pupils. At the end, there are the construction manuals of the Ames room and instructions for pupils who visit the room.

• Keywords: optics, visual perception, optika, vidno zaznavanje