Odnos osnovnošolcev do biologije in njihovo znanje o evoluciji človeka : magistrsko delo

Gešman, Lea (avtor), Strgar, Jelka (mentor)

Evolucija človeka velja za zanimivo, a hkrati tudi težko temo, tako za učence kot tudi učitelje. Učenci se z njo srečajo šele konec devetega razreda in jo obdelajo v nekaj urah. Za boljše znanje evolucije človeka bi bilo treba zagotoviti boljše usposabljanje učiteljev, pri katerem bi se seznanili z napačnimi predstavami, ki so zakoreninjene v miselnosti učencev, in se pri pouku osredotočili na njihovo odpravljanje. Odnosi se oblikujejo vse življenje in vplivajo na posameznikovo vedenje do nekega predmeta ali osebe. Na te odnose učencev vplivajo najrazličnejši dejavniki. Nekateri so povezani z družinskim okoljem, drugi se nanašajo na posameznikove značilnosti, kot so samozaupanje, motivacija in dosežki, tretji pa so odvisni od učiteljev, sovrstnikov in razredne klime. Cilj naše raziskave je bil dobiti vpogled v znanje osmošolcev in devetošolcev o evoluciji človeka. Zanimal nas je tudi odnos učencev do pouka biologije in biologije kot stroke. Preverjali smo tudi, ali so razvidne razlike v znanju evolucije človeka in v odnosu do biologije med učenci različnega spola, razreda in šole. Ugotoviti pa smo želeli tudi, ali obstaja povezava med odnosom do biologije in znanjem evolucije človeka. Raziskavo smo izvedli na dveh osnovnih šolah iz različnih regij, Dolenjske in Štajerske. Vzorec sestavlja 260 osmošolcev in devetošolcev. Učenci so z Likertovo lestvico stališč ocenjevali stopnjo strinjanja z 28 trditvami iz preizkusa znanja o evoluciji človeka ter stopnjo strinjanja s 53 trditvami iz anketnega dela vprašalnika, ki je preverjal njihov odnos do biologije. Učenci so na preizkusu znanja pokazali zadovoljivo znanje o evoluciji človeka, saj so skupno dosegli 60,7 % uspešnost. Največ težav jim je povzročala časovna in krajevna umestitev dogodkov. Devetošolci so pokazali bistveno boljše znanje od osmošolcev. Med dekleti in fanti ter med učenci različnih šol ni bilo pomembnih razlik v znanju evolucije človeka. Učenci so izkazali pozitiven odnos do pouka biologije in biologije kot stroke. Med osmošolci in devetošolci nismo opazili razlik v odnosu do biologije. So se pa pojavljale razlike v odnosu do biologije med učenci različnega spola (dekleta imajo pozitivnejši odnos) in med učenci različnih šol (učenci šole 2 so izkazali pozitivnejši odnos do biologije). Ugotovili smo, da obstaja povezava med znanjem evolucije človeka in odnosom do biologije, in sicer imajo učenci z boljšim znanjem evolucije človeka pozitivnejši odnos do biologije.

• Jezik: Slovenski jezik
• Ključne besede: osnovnošolci, evolucija človeka
• Vrsta gradiva: Magistrsko delo/naloga
• Tipologija: 2.09 - Magistrsko delo
• Organizacija: PEF - Pedagoška fakulteta
• Založnik: [L. Gešman]
• Leto izida: 2017
• Št. strani: VI, 67 str., [15] str. pril.
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-96211
• UDK: 575.8:373.3(043.2)
• COBISS.SI-ID: 11735369
• Datum objave v RUL: 28.09.2017

Sekundarni jezik

• Jezik: Angleški jezik
• Naslov: Primary school pupils' attitude toward biology and their knowledge about human evolution

Izvleček

Human evolution is an interesting but also a difficult theme for pupils as well as teachers. Pupils deal with it at the end of class 9, in a couple of lessons. To give pupils better knowledge about human evolution, teachers should be more qualified. In other words, teachers should be introduced to wrong ideas pupils have in their minds and try to eliminate them during lessons. Relations are formed all our lives and have influence on individual's attitudes towards a certain subject or a person. Different factors have an impact on these attitudes. Some of them are connected to the family environment, the second to individual's characteristics, such as self-reliance, motivation and achievements, the third ones depend on teachers, peers and class climate. The goal of our research is to get insight into the knowledge of class 8 and class 9 pupils about human evolution. Furthermore, we were also interested in attitude pupils have towards biology lessons and biology as discipline. We tested whether there were obvious differences in knowledge concerning human evolution and attitude towards biology among pupils of different sex, class and school. We wanted to see if there was a connection between attitude towards biology and human evolution knowledge. The research was carried out at two primary schools from different regions, Dolenjska and Štajerska. The sample includes 260 pupils from classes 8 and 9. The pupils used Likert Scale to evaluate their level of agreement with 28 statements from the human evolution test and with 53 statements from the questionnaire which tested their attitude towards biology. Test results show that pupils had sufficient knowledge about human evolution for they together achieved 60,7 % success. Most problems they had with placing events in time and space. Class 9 pupils possessed much more knowledge than class 8 pupils. But there were no significant differences among boys and girls and among pupils from different schools concerning human evolution knowledge. Pupils expressed positive attitude towards biology lessons and biology as discipline. We found no differences among class 8 and class 9 pupils concerning attitude towards biology. But on the other hand, differences appeared in attitude towards biology among pupils of different sex (girls have more positive attitude) and among pupils from different schools (school 2 pupils expressed more positive attitude towards biology). Our findings show that there is a connected between human evolution knowledge and attitude towards biology. In other words, pupils with better human evolution knowledge had more positive attitude towards biology.

• Ključne besede: primary education, biology, osnovnošolski pouk, biologija