Vpliv telesnih lastnosti na mlečnost in dolgoživost pri mlečnih in kombiniranih pasmah krav molznic

Bric, Marija (avtor), Klopčič, Marija (mentor)

Cilj diplomskega dela je bil proučiti in analizirati vplive telesnih lastnosti na dolgoživost in mlečnost pri mlečnih oz. kombiniranih pasmah govedi. Različne študije navajajo, da imajo lastnosti vimena, okvirja in nog pomemben vpliv tako na mlečnost kot tudi na dolgoživost krav molznic. Tako imajo krave z obsežnim in čvrsto pripetim vimenom, korektnimi nogami in čvrstimi parklji običajno večjo mlečnost in boljšo dolgoživost. Velikost okvirja živali ima pozitiven vpliv na količino prirejenega mleka, po drugi strani pa ima negativen vpliv na dolgoživost živali. Podobno velja za kot in odprtost reber. V nalogo smo vključili analizo slovenskih krav, ki so v svojem življenju priredile preko 100.000 kg mleka. Življenjsko mlečnost preko 100.000 kg mleka je doslej doseglo 129 krav, od tega 96 krav črno-bele pasme, 18 krav rjave pasme, 4 krave lisaste pasme in 11 križank. Največjo povprečno življenjsko mlečnost kot tudi najkvalitetnejše mleko med omenjenimi kravami so dosegle krave lisaste pasme. Analizirana skupina 129 krav je bila v primerjavi z ostalimi sovrstnicami v 1. laktaciji bolje ocenjena za lastnosti okvirja, vimena in nog, kar ugotavljajo tudi v drugih podobnih študijah. Med telesnimi lastnostmi imajo največji vpliv na dolgoživost, življenjsko prirejo mleka ter življenjsko dobo korektni biclji in parklji ter odlična pripetost vimena pod trebuhom, močna centralna vez, primerna globina vimena, ter čim večja višina in širina mlečnega zrcala.

• Jezik: Slovenski jezik
• Ključne besede: govedo, telesne lastnosti, mlečnost, dolgoživost, mlečne pasme, kombinirane pasme
• Vrsta gradiva: Diplomsko delo/naloga
• Organizacija: BF - Biotehniška fakulteta
• Leto izida: 2017
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-95646
• COBISS.SI-ID: 3958408
• Datum objave v RUL: 21.09.2017

Sekundarni jezik

• Jezik: Angleški jezik
• Naslov: The influence of conformation traits on milk production and longevity of dairy and dual-purpose cattle breeds

Izvleček

The aim of this B. Sc. Thesis was to study and to analyse the influences of conformation traits on longevity and milk production of dairy and dual-purpose cattle breeds. According to different studies, udder traits, stature and feet & leg traits have an important influence on milk yield and longevity of dairy cows. Cows with strong fore udder attachment, correct feet and proper legs usually have higher milk production and better longevity. The size of the stature of the animal is positively related to the milk yield, but on the other hand it has a negative influence on longevity of the animal. The same is considered for the angularity. Slovenian cows, which have given over 100,000 kg of milk in their life, were studied. Until 2016, 129 cows have reached this goal. 96 of them were Holsteins, 18 Brown Swiss, 4 Simmental breed and there were also 11 crossbreed cows, that have yield over 100,000 kg of milk in their life time. Simmental breed cows have reached the highest average lifetime milk, fat and protein production among aforementioned cows. In comparison with the rest of their peers, the analysed group of 129 high-productive cows has achieved better scores for the udder traits, feet & legs traits and stature, when assessed in their first lactation. The same findings have also been established in other similar studies. Proper feet and pasterns, excellent fore udder attachment, strong central ligament, appropriate udder depth, and very high and wide rear udder have the greatest influence on longevity and lifetime milk yield among all type traits.

• Ključne besede: cattle, conformation traits, milk production, longevity, dairy breeds, dual-purpose breeds