Zdravstvena nega pacienta s samomorilnim vedenjem po temeljnih življenjskih aktivnostih : diplomsko delo

Šahman, Armina (author), Peterka Novak, Jožica (mentor), Zatković, Damjana (comentor)

Uvod: Samomor in samomorilno vedenje predstavljata velik problem javnega zdravja. Redkeje se samomor pojavlja med otroki, pri mladostnikih beležimo okoli 20 samomorov letno. Samomorilno vedenje je proces, ki zajema različne oblike, med katere spadajo misli na smrt, samomorilne misli, samomorilne grožnje, parasuicidalna pavza, samopoškodovalno vedenje, prekinjen poskus samomora, poskus samomora in samomor. Vzrok za samomor ni znan, največkrat ga povzročajo dejavniki tveganja in osebne ranljivosti. Zaradi samomora umre milijon ljudi letno. Slovenija spada med najbolj samomorilno ogrožene države. Zdravstveno osebje ima ključno vlogo pri prepoznavanju, preprečevanju in zdravljenju samomorilnega vedenja. Posledice najnevarnejših oblik samomorilnega vedenja so zdravstvene, psihološke, razvojne, socialne in mnoge druge. Namen: Namen diplomskega dela je predstaviti samomorilno vedenje in vlogo medicinske sestre pri zdravstveni obravnavi pacienta s samomorilnimi vedenjem. Metode dela: V diplomskem delu smo uporabili deskriptivno metodo dela s sistematičnim pregledom znanstvene in strokovne literature s področja psihiatrije in zdravstvene nege na področju psihiatrije iz obdobja od 2007 do 2017. Literatura je bila iskana preko slovenske bibliografske in kataložne podatkovne baze (COBIB.SI) preko oddaljenega dostopa Zdravstvene fakultete v Ljubljani in tujih podatkovnih baz CINAHL, Medline in Pubmed ter strokovnih revij Obzornik zdravstvene nege, Psihološka obzorja in Zdravniški vestnik. Razprava in zaključek: V diplomskem delu smo ugotovili, da ima pacient s samomorilnim vedenjem težave pri opravljanju vseh temeljnih življenjskih aktivnosti. Da bi medicinske sestre znale oceniti štirinajst življenjskih aktivnosti pacienta, potrebujejo znanje. Fiziološki in psihološki znaki samomorilnega vedenja vplivajo na pacientovo vsakodnevno delovanje, saj ne more zadovoljevati svojih osnovnih življenjskih potreb. Iz člankov smo razbrali, da je najvišja prioriteta zdravstvene nege zaščita pacienta, da se ne poškoduje – ne izvede samomora. Medicinske sestre na področju zdravstvene nege v psihiatriji morajo imeti trdno podlago za pristop k zmanjševanju tveganja in preprečevanju samomorov. Večino samomorov bi lahko preprečili, če bi prepoznali samomorilno ogroženost ter pravočasno in pravilno ukrepali. Za ustrezno prepoznavanje tovrstnega vedenja je treba poznati simptome samomorilnega vedenja, dejavnike tveganja in osnove pomoči. Ob pregledu literature smo ugotovili, da je pomembno delo medicinske sestre pri osebah, ki so nagnjene k samomorilnemu vedenju, ustvarjanje terapevtskega odnosa.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: intervencije medicinske sestre, dejavniki tveganja, zdravljenje, negovalni problemi, simptomi
• Work type: Bachelor thesis/paper
• Organization: ZF - Faculty of Health Sciences
• Year: 2017
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-95290
• COBISS.SI-ID: 5329259
• Publication date in RUL: 20.09.2017

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: Nursing of patient with a suicidal behavior on basic human needs : diploma thesis

Abstract

Introduction: Suicide and suicidal behavior represent a major public health problem. Rarely suicide occurs among children but among adolescents we recorded about 20 suicides a year. Suicidal behavior is a process that includes different forms, which include thoughts of death, suicidal ideation, suicidal threats, parasuicidal pause, self-injurious behavior, interrupted suicide attempt, suicide attempt and suicide. The reason for the suicide is not known, most often is caused by risk factors and personal vulnerability. There is a million people which commit suicide each year. Slovenia belongs to most suicidal vulnerable countries. Medical personnel plays a key role in identifying, preventing and treating suicidal behavior. Consequences of the most dangerous forms of suicidal behavior are medical, psychological, developmental, social and many others. Purpose: The aim of the thesis is to present suicidal behavior and the role of nurses in the medical treatment of a patient with suicidal behavior. Methods: In this thesis we used descriptive method with a systematic review of the scientific and technical literature in the field of psychiatry and medical care in the period from 2007 to 2017. To search the literature we used Slovenian bibliographic and catalog databases (COBIB.SI) and foreign databases CINAHL, Medline and PubMed and professional journals Reviews nursing, psychological horizons and Medical Journal. Discussion and conclusion: In this thesis we find that a patient with suicidal behavior has problems in all basic life activities. In order to know how to properly assess patient nurses need knowledge. Physiological and psychological signs of suicidal behavior affects the patient's everyday functioning and therefore they cannot meet their basic needs. From the articles we found that the highest priority of the health care is the protection of patient. Psychiatric nurses must have a solid basis for the approach to risk reduction and prevention of suicide. Most suicides could be prevented timely if we would recognize suicidal threats and properly react. For proper identification of suicidal behavior is necessary to know the symptoms of suicidal behavior and risk factors. With a review of the literature, we found how much is important work of nurses with people who are prone to suicidal behavior create.

• Keywords: nurses, risk factors, treatment, healthcare problems, symptoms