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Posledice kvantnega računalništva
ID Malenko, Kokan (Author), ID Robič, Borut (Mentor) More about this mentor... This link opens in a new window, ID Mihelič, Jurij (Comentor)

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PID: 20.500.12556/rul/e0a2c1db-3319-4c63-bead-bc6fa22db4f2

Abstract
Kvantno računalništvo je novo obetavno področje, ki bi lahko prineslo velike izboljšave današnje tehnologije. Vendar pa bi lahko obenem tudi razorožilo nekatere priljubljene kriptografske algoritme. Čeprav uporabnih in stabilnih kvantnih računalnikov še ni, sta njihova potencialna moč in uporabnost spodbudili veliko zanimanje. V tem delu bomo pojasnili osnovne lastnosti kvantnega računalnika, tj. ra\-ču\-nal\-ni\-ka, ki izkorišča kvantnomehanske pojave, kot so superpozicija, inteferenca in prepletanje. Spregovorili bomo o kubitih, tj. enotah kvantne informacije, ki ustrezajo klasičnim bitom, in o tem, kaj lahko z njimi počnemo. Na kratko bomo pojasnili glavne zamisli treh najpomembnejših kvantnih algoritmov: Shorovega algoritma za faktorizacijo, Groverjevega algoritma za iskanje in algoritma HHL za reševanje linearnih sistemov enačb. Največjo pozornost v zvezi z naštetim bomo posvetili t.i. kvantni resničnosti, to je vprašanju, kaj bi se zgodilo, če bi kvantni računalniki postali realnost. Zato si bomo ogledali tudi najnovejše dosežke na področju kvantnega računanja pa tudi izzive, s katerimi se sooča. Na primer, razmislili bomo, kako bi kvantni računalniki vplivali na kriptografijo ter posledično na varnost v računalništvu in, ali bi morali biti za to zaskrbljeni. Razpravljali bomo tudi o izboljšavah, ki bi kvantno informacijo vpeljale v področje strojnega učenja. Na koncu našega dela se bomo posvetili še eni izmed najpomembnejših uporab kvantnih računalnikov, kvantni simulaciji.

Language:Slovenian
Keywords:kvantno računanje, kvantni algoritmi, kvantna kriptografija, kvantno strojno učenje, kvantna simulacija
Work type:Bachelor thesis/paper
Organization:FRI - Faculty of Computer and Information Science
Year:2017
PID:20.500.12556/RUL-95130 This link opens in a new window
Publication date in RUL:15.09.2017
Views:2794
Downloads:314
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Secondary language

Language:English
Title:The consequences of quantum computing
Abstract:
Quantum computing is a new promising field that might bring great improvements to present day technology. But it might also break some currently used cryptography algorithms. Usable and stable quantum computers do not exist yet, but their potential power and usefulness has spurred a great interest. In this work, we explain the basic properties of a quantum computer, which uses the following quantum properties: superposition, interference and entanglement. We talk about qubits, the units of quantum information, and the ways we can manipulate them. We briefly explain the main idea behind three of the most important quantum algorithms, namely: Shor's algorithm, Grover's algorithm and the Quantum Algorithm for Linear Systems of Equations, also known as HHL. The biggest emphasis in this thesis is put on quantum reality. In other words what would happen if quantum computers were to become real. We raise questions about the latest achievements in the field of quantum computing and the challenges that it faces, such as, how quantum computers might impact cryptography and should we be worried about the changes that they will bring. We also discuss the improvements that quantum information might bring to the field of machine learning. Lastly, we introduce one of the most important application of quantum computers, that is, quantum simulation.

Keywords:quantum computing, quantum algorithms, quantum cryptography, quantum machine learning, quantum simulation

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