Obravnava vedenja in komunikacije po načelih ABA metode pri dvojčkih z avtističnimi motnjami : magistrsko delo

Berlot, Barbara (author), Žgur, Erna (mentor)

Avtistične motnje sodijo med razvojno nevrološke motnje, ki trajajo celo življenje. Med težave, ki jih imajo osebe z avtističnimi motnjami na različnih področjih funkcioniranja, sodita tudi pojav neustreznih vedenjskih vzorcev in nezmožnost komunikacije z okoljem. Ravno pojav neustreznih vedenjskih vzorcev in nezmožnost komuniciranja z okoljem pri osebah z avtistično motnjo pomembno vplivata na uspešnost vključevanja teh oseb v različne vzgojno-izobraževalne programe. Namen kvalitativne študije je ugotoviti, v kakšni meri obravnava osnovana po načelih uporabne vedenjske analize (v nadaljevanju ABA), vpliva na pojav neustreznih vzorcev vedenja, ob hkratnem spodbujanju spretnosti uporabe nadomestne komunikacije in učenja novih funkcionalnih veščin, tako v individualni kot v skupinski učni situaciji (pri delu v paru). V študijo primera sta bila vključena 8-letna dvojčka z zmerno motnjo v duševnem razvoju, s težjo govorno-jezikovno motnjo in avtistično motnjo. Celovita funkcionalna ocena vedenja in potrebe po pozornosti je bila oblikovana s pomočjo A-B-C opazovalne sheme in z uporabo standardiziranega vprašalnika Functional Analysis Screening Tool. Z opazovanjem so bili določeni predhodni dogodki in posledice vedenja (otroka in odrasle osebe). Na podlagi opisne analize tako pridobljenih podatkov je bil oblikovan načrt pozitivnega programa podpore in pomoči vedenju, osnovan na medsebojnem vplivanju predhodnih dogodkov in posledic vedenja. Obravnavo, osnovano na načelih metode ABA, sem izvajala 8 tednov. Izvedenih je bilo 8 obravnav v individualni učni situaciji, z vsakim od otrok, ter 14 obravnav v skupinski učni situaciji. Posamezna obravnava je trajala 20 minut. Raziskava je pokazala, da ima obravnava po načelih metode ABA pomemben vpliv na pojav neustreznih vzorcev vedenja pri obeh dečkih z avtistično motnjo, tako v individualni učni situaciji kot pri delu v paru. Pri obeh dečkih z avtistično motnjo se je zmanjšala pogostost, intenzivnost in tudi trajanje neustreznih vedenjskih vzorcev. Obenem je raziskava pokazala, da so se pri obeh dečkih, vključenih v obravnavo po načelih metode ABA, izboljšale spretnosti uporabe nadomestne komunikacije.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: avtistične motnje, aplikativna vedenjska analiza, uporabna vedenjska analiza, otroci z avtističnimi motnjami
• Work type: Master's thesis/paper
• Typology: 2.09 - Master's Thesis
• Organization: PEF - Faculty of Education
• Publisher: [B. Berlot]
• Year: 2017
• Number of pages: V, 98 str.
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-94997
• UDC: 376:616.896(043.2)
• COBISS.SI-ID: 11680329
• Publication date in RUL: 11.10.2017

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: Behaviour and communication analysis using ABA methodology principles for twins with autistic spectrum disorder

Abstract

Autistic disorders are categorized as neurodevelopmental disorders and are considered incurable. People with autistic disorders have issues on various fields of operation – one of those is also the occurrence of inappropriate behavioral patterns and the ability to communicate with the environment. Especially the occurrence of inappropriate behavioral patterns and the inability to communicate with the environment have a strong impact on the inclusion of people with autistic disorders in different educational programs. The main objective of this qualitative study is to find out the level of influence of the treatment, based on Applied Behavioral Analysis (hereafter referred to as ABA), on the occurrence of inappropriate behavioral patterns and to promote the ability to use both secondary communication and learning of new functional skills of individuals or on group sessions. The study case included two 8-year old twins with a moderate mental disorder, a heavy speech and language impairment, and an autistic disorder. The comprehensive behavioral assessment and the need for attention is based on the A-B-C data collection and Functional Analysis Screening Tool standardized questionnaire. With the help of observation preliminary behavioral events and consequences (of both child and grown-up) were defined. A plan of positive program of support and behavioral aid based on preliminary behavioral events and consequences correlation was formed via a descriptive analysis of the collected data. The ABA principles based method was carried out for 8 weeks. 8 treatments in an individual learning session (with every child present) and 14 treatments in an group learning session were carried out. An individual session lasted 20 min. The results of the analysis show that the ABA principles based method indeed has a strong influence on the occurrence of inappropriate behavioral patterns with both boys with an autistic disorder (in an individual or group learning session). Both boys with an autistic disorder experienced less inappropriate behavioral patterns which were also less intense and shorter. The results also prove that both boys who participated in the ABA principles based treatment experienced better skills of using secondary communication.

• Keywords: autism, behaviour disorder, communication, avtizem, motnje vedenja, komunikacija