Primerjava električne aktivnosti mečnih mišic pri različnih dvigih na prste : diplomsko delo

Sušnik, Kaja (avtor), Dolenec, Aleš (mentor)

Vadbo plantarne fleksije stopala uporabljamo kot del rehabilitacijskega programa in kot vajo za povečanje velikosti sile in moči mišic plantarnih fleksorjev. Prinaša številne koristi sprinterjem, skakalcem, starejši s tem ohranjajo mobilnost, poškodovanim pa pomaga k hitrejšemu okrevanju po poškodbah Ahilove tetive. NAMEN: Namen raziskave je bil primerjati električno aktivnost mečnih mišic pri različnih dvigih na prste. Merjenci so izvajali vajo z nevtralnim položajem stopal ter z notranjo in zunanjo rotacijo stopal. METODE: V raziskavi je prostovoljno sodelovalo 19 merjencev, od tega 8 moških in 11 žensk, s povprečno starostjo 20,7 ± 2,4 let, telesno višino 176 ± 10,6 cm in telesno težo 67,6 ± 12,5 kg. Pred izvedbo meritev smo merjence seznanili z vajami in potekom raziskave. Površinske bipolarne elektrode smo namestili v skladu s priporočili SENIAM na veliko mečno mišico, lateralno in medialno dvoglavo mečno mišico, sprednjo golensko mišico ter na dolgo mečnično mišico. Po ogrevanju smo izmerili maksimalne hotene izometrične kontrakcije. Nato smo vsakemu izmerili 1RM in izračunali 80%-1RM. Merjenec je nato pričel z dvigi na prste z različnimi položaji stopal v naključnem vrstnem redu. Površina za dvige na prste je bila prilagojena tako, da je bila baza stopalnic poravnana z linijo deske. V vsakem položaju je naredil 1 serijo s 5 ponovitvami, med serijami pa je bil 5 minutni odmor. Pridobljeni podatki so bili normalizirani na največje hoteno naprezanje in obdelani z ANOVO za ponovljene meritve. REZULTATI: Ugotovljena je bila ena statistična razlika, in sicer med notranjo in zunanjo rotacijo stopala pri medialni glavi dvoglave mečne mišice (p=0,043). Pri ostalih mišicah ni bilo ugotovljenih statističnih razlik v amplitudi EMG signala. ZAKLJUČEK: Položaj stopal pri dvigih na prste na prilagojeni površini ne vpliva na aktivacijo mečnih mišic. Izvajanje dvigov na prste ob notranji in zunanji rotaciji na prilagojeni podlagi ni smiselno, saj se lateralna in medialna glava dvoglave mečne mišice enako vključujeta kot pri nevtralnih dvigih na prste.

• Jezik: Slovenski jezik
• Ključne besede: aktivacija mišic, mišice goleni, dvigi na prste
• Vrsta gradiva: Diplomsko delo/naloga
• Tipologija: 2.11 - Diplomsko delo
• Organizacija: FŠ - Fakulteta za šport
• Leto izida: 2017
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-94890
• COBISS.SI-ID: 5170865
• Datum objave v RUL: 09.09.2017

Sekundarni jezik

• Jezik: Angleški jezik
• Naslov: Comparison of electric activity of lower leg muscles during heel raise exercise with three different foot positions

Izvleček

Ankle plantar flexion exercise has been incorporated as part of rehabilitation programs and an exercise to promote hypertrophy, increase power and strength of the plantar flexors. Various populations such as sprinters, jumpers, older adults and individuals recovering from Achilles tendinopathy are interested in benefits from training the plantar flexors for maintaining function and performance of daily activities. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to compare electrical activity of lower leg muscles during heel raise exercise with three different foot positions. Subjects were performing heel raise exercise with neutral, internally-rotated and externally-rotated foot positions. METHODS: Nineteen subjects cooperated in this study (8 male, 11 female; 20,7 ± 2,4 yrs; 176 ± 10,6 cm; 67,6 ± 12,5 kg). Subjects were instructed how to perform each exercise properly, prior to collecting data. The surface electromyography (EMG) was used to assess muscle activity from the soleus, lateral and medial head of gastrocnemius, tibialis anterior and extensor digitorum longus muscle. After warm up protocol, maximal voluntary isometric contractions have been measured followed by 1 RM measurement and 80%-1RM calculations. Subjects were performing heel raise exercise with three different foot positions in random order. The surface of the heel raise exercise has been adjusted so that metatarsal bones were aligned with the line of the boards. In each foot position they performed 1 series of 5 repetitions. After each exercise there was a 5 minute rest. The EMG data were normalized with maximum voluntary muscle contractions and assessed with repeated-measures ANOVA. RESULTS: One statistical difference has been found in this research. The difference has been found comparing the internally-rotated and externally-rotated foot positionat the musculus gastrocnemius medialis (p=0,043). There has been no statistical differences with other muscles in amplitude of EMG. CONCLUSION: The position of feet at heel raise execise on adjusted surface does not affect the activation of calf muscles. Performing heel raises with internally-rotated and externally-rotated foot positions on adjusted surface is senseless due to the same activation of both heads of gastrocnemius muscle with neutral feet position.

• Ključne besede: muscle activation, lower-limb muscles, heel raise