Razširjena odgovornost proizvajalca v EU

Petek, Aljoša (author), Grilc, Peter (mentor)

Razširjena odgovornost proizvajalca (v nadaljevanju ROP) je koncept, ki podaljšuje odgovornost proizvajalca za njegov proizvod na post-potrošniško fazo življenjskega kroga proizvoda. Bistveni razlogi za uporabo koncepta v Evropski uniji (v nadaljevanju EU) so vzpostavitev odgovornosti proizvajalca za vpliv, ki ga ima njegov proizvod na okolje, vzpodbujanje ekološke zasnove proizvodov, zmanjšanje količin odpadkov, ki se sežigajo, zakopavajo ali odlagajo na deponijah, ter povišanje učinkovitosti rabe surovin preko višanja deležev ponovno uporabljenih, predelanih in recikliranih odpadkov. ROP je določena v Direktivi o odpadkih in je glavno orodje EU pri uveljavitvi evropske hierarhije za ravnanje z odpadki. Mandatorno velja na področju odpadne električne in elektronske opreme, odpadnih baterij in akumulatorjev ter vozil ob koncu njihove življenjske dobe. ROP lahko države članice (v nadaljevanju DČ) prostovoljno implementirajo na kateremkoli odpadkovnem področju, v praksi pa je ROP brez izjeme implementirana tudi na področju odpadne embalaže. Na področju pravne ureditve ROP v EU prevladujejo splošno formulirane direktive, ki DČ dopuščajo široko polje proste presoje pri izbiri metode implementacije. Direktive so bile uspešne na področju prenehanja uporabe okolju in človeku škodljivih snovi pri zasnovi proizvodov, ter pri porastu deležev ponovno uporabljenih, predelanih in recikliranih odpadkov. Manj uspešne so bile na področju harmonizacije nacionalnih pravnih redov DČ, ki so zaradi splošnih in nedoločnih definicij ključnih pojmov na področju ravnanja z odpadki izjemno raznoliki. To vodi do resnih težav pri primerjavi podatkov, ki jih poročajo DČ na ravni EU. Brez skupne metodologije za izračun količin proizvodov danih na trg, količin zbranih odpadkov ter deležev recikliranih in predelanih odpadkov, ni mogoče ustvariti natančnega prikaza dejanske učinkovitosti zakonodaje v praksi. Prav tako je v praksi težko definirati, če je pravni red EU sploh imel vpliv na proizvajalce glede zasnove okolju prijaznih proizvodov. Nekonkretne in fakultativne pravne določbe v pravu EU nedvomno otežujejo napredek na področju.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: Razširjena odgovornost proizvajalca, Evropska unija, odpadna električna in elektronska oprema, odpadne baterije in akumulatorji, vozila po koncu njihove življenjske dobe, odpadna embalaža.
• Work type: Master's thesis/paper
• Organization: PF - Faculty of Law
• Year: 2017
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-94466
• COBISS.SI-ID: 15776337
• Publication date in RUL: 30.08.2017

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: Extended producer responsibility in EU

Abstract

Extended producer responsibility (hereinafter EPR) is a concept, which extends the producer’s responsibility for his product to the post-consumer phase of the product’s life cycle. Essential reasons for the implementation of EPR in the European Union (hereinafter EU) are the establishment of producer’s responsibility for the environmental impact his product has, to promote eco-design of products, to reduce the amounts of waste incinerated, buried or disposed of, and to increase the effectiveness of raw materials use by increasing the shares of re-used, recycled and recovered waste. EPR in EU is defined in the Waste framework Directive, and represents the main tool of the EU in the implementation of the European waste hierarchy. Its implementation is mandatory in the area of waste electrical and electronic equipment, waste batteries and accumulators, and end-of-life vehicles. Member states (hereinafter MS) voluntarily implement in any waste stream, and in practice it is used, without exception, in the field of packaging waste. In the field of EPR legislation in EU, the main regulatory acts are directives, which allow MS a wide field of choice regarding the method of implementing the concept. The directives have been successful in the area of prohibiting the use of dangerous substances in designing the products, and in the field of increasing shares of re-used, recovered and recycled waste. They were less successful however in the field of harmonization of national legislations of MS, which are, because of general and loosely defined definitions and essential concepts in the area of waste management, extremely diverse. This leads to serious issues regarding the comparability of data reported by MS. Without a common methodology for calculating the amounts of products placed on the market, the amounts of waste collected, and the shares of recycled and recovered waste, it is not possible to recreate an accurate display of the legislation’s effectiveness in practice. It is as well difficult to determine, if EU legislation has been effective in the area of eco-design. General and non-mandatory provisions in EU law are without a doubt hindering progress in the field.

• Keywords: Extended producer responsibility, European Union, waste electrical and electronic equipment, waste batteries, end-of-life vehicles, waste packaging.