This thesis presents sensorless control of the brushless (BLDC) motor. The start of a sensorless motor is accomplished with a flying start algorithm.
In the theoretical introduction the basic sensor control BLDC technique is presented. This is followed with description of sensorless methods based on the back-EMF voltage sensing. The direct zero crossing detection and the indirect back-EMF integration methods are analyzed. The back-EMF voltage sampling for the sensorless application is closely connected with the inverter PWM switching. For that reason three different switching strategies were developed and tested. The goal was to choose the one working reliably at very low speeds in the sensorless mode. The bipolar switching by using the back-EMF integration technic performed the best, especially at low speeds when an unexpected load appeared on the motor shaft.
Furthermore open loop operation was upgraded with a torque and a speed controller. The speed control mode requires a bit more attention at design, since the time constant of refreshing the shaft speed depends on the actual speed.
A reliable closed-loop operation is very important for the motor starting procedure. At standstill the back-EMF voltage is not generated thus the position of the shaft cannot be determined. The unknown starting torque presents an additional problem. The implemented solution is based upon manual acceleration until the motor reaches the required minimum speed and only then the drive is switched into the closed-loop control.
The program code is written and tested with the already established laboratory system.
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