Razlike med spoloma pri medvrstniškem nasilju med učenci v osnovni šoli : magistrsko delo

Ivančič, Špela (author), Polak, Alenka (mentor)

V magistrskem delu me je zanimalo predvsem, kakšne so razlike med spoloma pri medvrstniškem nasilju. Da bi si lažje predstavljali in razumeli omenjene razlike, sem najprej predstavila, kako se dečki in deklice razlikujejo po svojih bioloških in psiholoških lastnostih, opisala sem vpliv socializacije na oblikovanje razlik med njimi, prikazala pa sem tudi razlike v odnosu do obeh spolov pri njunem izobraževanju s strani šole in staršev. Zatem sem predstavila, kako se razlike med spoloma kažejo pri nasilju. Opisala in primerjala sem različne raziskave, ki so jih raziskovalci naredili na to temo, in jih povezala tudi z ugotovitvami moje raziskave. Zavedati se moramo, da je nasilje med vrstniki nujno potrebno preprečevati in ga odpravljati, pri čemer imajo pomembno vlogo šola in starši učencev. Za lažje soočanje s tem problemom sem v teoretičnem delu predstavila tudi nekatere preventivne in kurativne dejavnosti, ki pripomorejo k preprečevanju tega pojava. V empiričnem delu sem raziskala, kako se medvrstniško nasilje med učenci razlikuje glede na spol otrok. Opravila sem kvantitativno raziskavo, kjer sem podatke zbirala z anketnim vprašalnikom, za bolj poglobljeno razumevanje nasilja pa sem opravila še kvalitativno raziskavo, pri kateri sem intervjuvala dva učenca, ki sta nasilje doživljala že več časa. Rezultati moje raziskave so pokazali, da pri medvrstniškem nasilju med spoloma obstajajo razlike. Ugotovila sem, da se dečki pogosteje kot deklice poslužujejo fizičnih in nekaterih verbalnih oblik nasilja ter da deklice največkrat trpinčijo svoje vrstnike tako, da jih izključujejo iz družbe in jih opravljajo, medtem ko je delež dečkov, ki se poslužuje teh dveh oblik nasilja, približno enak kot delež deklic. Rezultati raziskave so tudi pokazali, da nasilje nad obema spoloma največkrat izvajajo dečki; ti se tudi pogosteje znajdejo v hkratni vlogi žrtve in nasilneža kot deklice. Izkazalo se je, da oba spola največkrat ne vesta, zakaj ju vrstniki trpinčijo. Pri dečkih in deklicah, ki vzrok nasilja poznajo, se trpinčenje najpogosteje dogaja zaradi prepira med prijatelji, pri deklicah pa tudi zaradi njihovega videza. Ugotovila sem tudi, da se okoliščine izvajanja nasilja s strani nasilnežev statistično pomembno razlikujejo glede na spol žrtve. Statistično pomembne razlike so se med dečki in deklicami pokazale pri tem, koliko časa vrstniki izvajajo nasilje nad njimi in iz katerega razreda prihajajo nasilneži, ki jih trpinčijo. Statistično pomembne razlike med spoloma pa se niso pokazale glede tega, kolikšno število nasilnežev ju trpinči ter kdaj in kje se nasilje nad žrtvijo največkrat izvaja. Dokazala sem, da se razlike med spoloma kažejo tudi v načinih odzivanja na nasilje. Trpinčeni dečki se na nasilje največkrat odzivajo z jezo in vrstnikom vrnejo udarce, trpinčenim deklicam pa je ob doživljanju nasilja največkrat zelo hudo (doživljajo čustveno stisko) in ta problem najpogosteje zaupajo staršem. Poleg tega pa so rezultati raziskave tudi pokazali, da učitelji pri obeh spolih nasilje približno v enaki meri prepoznavajo in ob njem ukrepajo, če se pojavi.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: medvrstniško nasilje, šola, spol, dečki, deklice, doživljanje nasilja
• Work type: Master's thesis/paper
• Typology: 2.09 - Master's Thesis
• Organization: PEF - Faculty of Education
• Publisher: [Š. Ivančič]
• Year: 2017
• Number of pages: 136 str.
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-92419
• UDC: 316.62:373.3(043.2)
• COBISS.SI-ID: 11561801
• Publication date in RUL: 24.08.2017

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: Gender differences in bullying among primary school children

Abstract

In my master thesis, I was particularly interested in the gender-related differences in peer violence. In order to illustrate and understand those differences, I first presented how boys and girls differ in their biological and psychological characteristics, then I wrote about the impact of socialization on shaping those differences. I also wrote about the different attitudes parents and teachers have towards boys or girls when it comes to education. Then I presented how gender-related differences are manifested in violence. I described and compared various studies on the subject and related them to the findings of my study. It is important to be aware that it is necessary to prevent and eliminate bullying and that school and pupils’ parents have a significant role in doing it. To help address this problem, I also presented some precautionary and curative activities, in the theoretical part, that contribute to the prevention of this phenomenon. In the empirical part, I studied the differences between the genders reflected in peer violence among primary school pupils. By doing a quantitative study, I collected data with a survey questionnaire. For more in-depth understanding of violence, I did a qualitative research, in which I interviewed two students who had been exposed to violence over a longer period of time. The results of my study show that there are differences between boys and girls regarding peer violence. I discovered that boys more often make use of physical and verbal bullying, whereas girls tend to exclude their peers and gossip. The proportion of boys making use of the last two forms is approximately the same as the proportion of girls. The survey results also show that violence against both sexes is more often performed by boys. They more frequently find themselves in the role of victim and bully at the same time than girls. Both genders mostly do not know why they are bullied, however, when they do, the cause is most often a quarrel between friends and with girls also their physical appearance. The gender of the victim statistically significantly influences the circumstances of the violence which is manifested in the duration of the bullying and the grade the bullies they are tormented by come from. There are, however, no statistically significant gender-related differences when it comes to the number of bullies tortured by nor to the time or place where victims are bullied. I showed that gender-related differences are also reflected in the way of responding to violence. Tortured boys usually react with anger and hit back, whereas abused girls experience emotional distress and confide to their parents about it. In addition, the survey results show that teachers more or less equally recognize violence and take measures if it occurs, regardless of the sex of the involved.

• Keywords: violence, peer group, bullying, nasilje, vrstniki, ustrahovanje