Preverjanje rodovnikov in določanje očetovstva z mikrosatelitnimi označevalci pri drežniški kozi

Pečovnik, Dominik (avtor), Horvat, Simon (mentor), Simčič, Mojca (komentor)

Drežniška koza je edina slovenska avtohtona pasma koz. Prilagojena na skromne pogoje reje in je odporna na bolezni. Konec leta 1999 je bila pasma vključena v program ohranjanja biotske raznovrstnosti v Sloveniji in uvrščena med ogrožene pasme. Velikost populacije je v lete 2015 štela le 660 živali. Osnovna rejska cilja sta ohranjanje pasme v tipu, značilnem za izvorno okolje (na Bovškem mlečni tip, na Drežniškem mesni tip), ter preprečevanje parjenja v sorodstvu. Preverjanje porekla z molekularno genetskimi metodami se uporablja za preverjanje rodovniških podatkov ali za določanje enega ali obeh staršev, ko niso poznani. Na ta način lahko učinkovito zmanjšujemo koeficient inbridinga v populaciji in tako zagotovimo učinkovitejše izvajanje rejskih ciljev. V prvem delu naloge smo z genotipizacijo z mikrosatelitnimi označevalci in z analizo rezultatov s programom ATLAS preverili pravilnost podatkov v rodovnikih in določili delež neskladnih rodovnikov. Ugotovili smo, da so bili podatki o poreklu pri mladičih s popolnimi rodovniki (poznana oče in mati) napačno zabeleženi pri 44,4 % (8 od 18) genotipiziranih mladičev. V drugem delu naloge smo z istim naborom mikrosatelitnih označevalcev poskušali določiti očeta mladičem, pri katerih oče v rodovniku ni bil zabeležen. S pomočjo rezultatov genotipizacije smo tako uspešno določili očeta desetim od skupno 81 mladičev, ki niso imeli znanega očeta. V tej nalogi smo torej identificirali in optimizirali reakcijske pogoje za osnovni set šestih mikrosatelitnih označevalcev, ki so dovolj informativni za uporabo v genetskih testih pri drežniški kozi in verjetno tudi pri drugih pasmah koz, ki jih redimo v Sloveniji. S tem smo razvili orodje za uporabo v rejskem programu za drežniško kozo za dodatno preverjanje ali popravljanje rodovniških podatkov in za določanje neznanih očetov, kar lahko prispeva k učinkovitejšemu ohranjanju genetske raznolikosti, pasemskih značilnosti in drugih ciljev rejskega programa.

• Jezik: Slovenski jezik
• Ključne besede: koze, avtohotne pasme, Drežniška koza, poreklo, molekularna genetika, mikrosatelitni označevalci
• Vrsta gradiva: Magistrsko delo/naloga
• Organizacija: BF - Biotehniška fakulteta
• Leto izida: 2017
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-92389
• COBISS.SI-ID: 3910536
• Datum objave v RUL: 31.05.2017

Sekundarni jezik

• Jezik: Angleški jezik
• Naslov: PARENTAGE TESTING AND UNKNOWN SIRES ASSIGNMENT USING MICROSATELLITE MARKERS IN THE POPULATION OF DREŽNICA GOAT

Izvleček

Drežnica goat is the only Slovenian autochthonous goat breed. The breed is adapted to poor rearing conditions and is resistant to diseases. At the end of 1999, this breed was included in the Program of Biodiversity Conservation in Slovenia and classified as an endangered breed. In 2015, the population size was just 660 animals. The main breeding goals are to preserve the breed in the original type typical for the environment (dairy type in Bovec region, meat type in Drežnica region) as well as to prevent inbreeding. Parentage testing with the molecular genetic methods is used for identity verification or for the assignment of one or both parents. In this way, we could effectively reduce the inbreeding in the population due to the missing data in pedigree records. Consequently, we could ensure the effective implementation of the breeding goals. In the first part of the thesis, we performed parentage testing, identity verification using genotyping with microsatellite markers and the program ATLAS. Additionally, we determined that 44.4% (8 out of 18) of pedigrees contained incorrect parent data. In the second part, using the same set of microsatellite markers, we aimed to assign the unknown sire to the offspring. Sire was not recorded due to the traditional natural matings with multiple sires present in the mixed flocks on the pasture, without the control of the breeders. Sires of ten offspring out of 81 with unknown sire were successfully assigned based on the genotyping results. This study therefore identified and optimized reaction conditions for the basic set of six microsatellite markers, which are sufficiently informative for genetic tests in Drežnica goat and probably also in other breeds of goats, which are bred in Slovenia. This tool has a potential use in breeding programs of Drežnica goat for verification or correction of pedigree-recorded data and identification of unknown sires, which may contribute to more effective maintenance of genetic diversity, breed characteristics and achievement of other breeding goals.

• Ključne besede: goats, autochthonous breeds, Drežnica goat, pedigree, molecular genetics, microsatellite markers