Uporaba novih medijev pri poučevanju prostorskega oblikovanja v osnovni šoli

Žbona, Tilen (avtor), Tomšič Čerkez, Beatriz Gabriela (mentor), Solina, Franc (komentor)

V disertaciji je obravnavana uporaba novomedijskega učnega pripomočka pri reševanju likovnih nalog na področju prostorskega oblikovanja oziroma arhitekture. Novi mediji omogočajo učencu celovit vpogled v prostorsko oblikovanje in arhitekturo, saj učenec lahko ob ugotavljanju sorazmerij in odnosov med različnimi likovnimi elementi posega v časovno premico ter odnos velikosti in oblik. Namen raziskave je bil preizkusiti inovativen novomedijski sistem pri pouku likovne umetnosti v 8. razredu osnovne šole. Sistem sestavljajo računalnik, računalniška kamera, orodje za obogateno resničnost in tablice za sprožanje vsebin. Računalnik prek računalniške kamere dekodira podatke na tablicah in jih na računalniškem zaslonu prikaže kot različne ploskve in telesa. S premikanjem tablic spreminjamo kvalitete elementov in izvajamo kompozicijske operacije. Ugotavljali smo, kako učenci ostrijo občutljivost za likovne elemente in posledično odnose v virtualni resničnosti, kako razumejo likovne pojme, materiale in pripomočke ter kakšen odnos gojijo do delovnega okolja in časovnega načrta. Ravno tako smo raziskali zadovoljstvo učencev pri likovnem izražanju z novomedijskimi orodji. V raziskavi so bile uporabljene tako kvantitativne kot kvalitativne metode zbiranja in analiziranja podatkov. Ocenjevalne lestvice za likovne naloge so bile sestavljene na podlagi smernic Berce Golobove (1993); za ta tip ocenjevanja smo se odločili na podlagi že preizkušenega instrumentarija, uporabljenega pri sorodni raziskavi (Tomšič Čerkez, 2005). Merila za vrednotenje in ocenjevanje likovnih del so: ustvarjalnost, oblikovna plat likovnega dela, likovna govorica, občutljivost za likovne strukture, likovni doživljaji in likovno znanje. Osrednji del raziskave je bil neslučajnostni enofaktorski pedagoški eksperiment z dvema modalitetama: a) uporaba novih medijev pri izvajanju likovnih nalog s področja prostorskega oblikovanja oziroma arhitekture (eksperimentalna skupina); b) tradicionalno izvajanje likovnih nalog s področja prostorskega oblikovanja oziroma arhitekture (kontrolna skupina). V vsaki osnovni šoli, ki je bila vključena v eksperiment, sta sodelovala dva razreda, pri čemer so bili učenci enega razreda dodeljeni v eksperimentalno skupino, učenci drugega pa v kontrolno skupino (če je bil na šoli le en razred, je bil ta razdeljen v eksperimentalno in kontrolno skupino). Po zaključenem eksperimentu so likovne izdelke učencev ocenjevali trije neodvisni ocenjevalci po natančno predpisanih navodilih o uporabi kriterijev ocenjevanja. Z vprašalnikom in eksperimentom pridobljeni podatki so bili obdelani z naslednjimi statističnimi metodami: faktorska analiza, t-test, analiza variance, analiza kovariance in analiza konkordance med ocenjevalci. Rezultati so pokazali, kako uporaba novih medijev pri prostorskem oblikovanju učinkuje na kognitivne, afektivne in psihomotorične vidike otrokovega likovnega izražanja. Izhodiščno raziskovalno vprašanje je dobilo pozitiven odgovor: učenci, ki so bili deležni uporabe novih medijev v učnem procesu na področju prostorskega oblikovanja oziroma arhitekture, so bili uspešnejši (v ustvarjalnosti, razumevanju, izražanju, tehnični dovršenosti, motivaciji in odnosu do okolja) kot učenci, ki so delali po tradicionalnih učnih metodah in oblikah. Poleg tega so izkazali tudi boljši odnos do likovnega izražanja in večje zadovoljstvo. Rezultati bodo prispevali k boljšemu spoznavanju prednosti novih medijev in odgovorili na mnoga vprašanja o uporabi novih medijev pri prostorskem oblikovanju oziroma arhitekturi v šoli. Znanstveni doprinos je predvsem usmerjen v razvoj sodobne izobraževalne tehnologije v okviru likovne didaktike in posodobitev pouka prostorskega oblikovanja oziroma arhitekture v osnovni šoli, da bi bil ta čim bolj nazoren, kompleksen in aktualen. Raziskava s primerom dobre prakse pri pouku likovne umetnosti podaja smernice za uporabo novih medijev in s tem spodbuja učitelje k njihovi uporabi. Pridobljeni rezultati lahko pripomorejo h kakovostnejšemu izvajanju in razumevanju problemsko zasnovanega področja.

• Jezik: Slovenski jezik
• Ključne besede: likovna umetnost
• Vrsta gradiva: Doktorsko delo/naloga
• Tipologija: 2.08 - Doktorska disertacija
• Organizacija: PEF - Pedagoška fakulteta
• Leto izida: 2017
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-91988
• COBISS.SI-ID: 11528777
• Datum objave v RUL: 24.08.2017

Sekundarni jezik

• Jezik: Angleški jezik
• Naslov: The use of new media within spamal design at elementary school

Izvleček

The dissertation deals with the use of new media learning tool in resolving art tasks in the field of spatial design and architecture. New media allow the student a comprehensive insight into the spatial design and architecture, as while determining the proportions and relationships between different artistic elements, the pupil can affect the timeline and the relationship of size and shape. The purpose of the research was to test an innovative new media system for teaching art in the 8th grade of primary school. The system consists of a computer, computer camera, a tool for augmented reality and markers to trigger content. The PC, through computer camera, decodes data on the markers and place them on a computer screen where they are displayed as various surfaces and bodies. By moving the markers the quality of elements are varied and compositing operation are performed. We observed how students sharpen sensitivity to artistic elements and consequently relations in virtual reality, how they understand art concepts, materials and tools as well as their attitude towards keeping the work environment and schedule. Likewise, we studied the satisfaction of pupils in artistic expression with new media tools. The study used both quantitative and qualitative methods of collecting and analyzing data. Panel artistic tasks were drawn up on the basis of the guidelines Berce Golob (1993); for this type of evaluation we decided on the basis of the already tested instruments used in a related study (Tomšič Čerkez, 2005). The criteria for the evaluation and assessment of works of art are: creativity, expression of art works, artistic language, sensitivity to fine structure, visual artistic knowledge. The central part of the research was planned single factor pedagogical experiment with two modalities: a) the use of new media in the implementation of art tasks in the field of spatial design or architecture (experimental group); b) the implementation of traditional art tasks in the field of spatial design or architecture (control group). Each elementary school, which was included in the experiment, which involved two classes, while there were students of one class assigned to the experimental group, students in the second belonged to the control group (if in the school there was only one class it was divided into experimental and control group). After completing the experiment, the pupil's art assignments were assessed by three independent reviewers with precisely prescribed instructions on the use of evaluation criteria. The questionnaire and the experiment data obtained were processed by the following statistical methods: factor analysis, t-test, analysis of variance, analysis of covariance and analysis of concordance between the reviewers. The results showed how the use of new media in the interior design affects the cognitive, affective and psychomotor aspects of a child's artistic expression. Baseline research question has received a positive response: students who used new media in the learning process in the field of spatial design and architecture, have been more successful (in creativity, understanding, expression, technical perfection, motivation and attitude towards the environment) than students, who worked with traditional teaching methods and forms. Moreover, they also proved a better attitude towards artistic expression and greater satisfaction. The results will contribute to a better understanding of the advantages of new media and answer many questions about the use of new media in interior design and architecture at school. Scientific contribution is mainly focused on the development of modern educational technology in the context of art didactics and modernization of teaching of spatial design and architecture in elementary school, so that it would be more expressive, complex and up- to- date. A survey with an example of good practice in teaching art provides guidelines for the use of new media and encourages teachers to use them. The results obtained may contribute to a higher quality of implementation and understanding of problem-based areas.

• Ključne besede: art