Fizioterapija v procesu paliativne oskrbe : pregled literature

Opeka, Katja (author), Jakovljević, Miroljub (mentor)

Uvod: s paliativno oskrbo želimo omogočiti najvišjo kakovost preostalega življenja in dostojno umiranje. Fizioterapija vzbuja veliko zanimanja pri paliativni oskrbi. Terapevtska vadba vzbuja vse več zanimanja pri rehabilitaciji onkoloških bolnikov in paliativni oskrbi nasploh. Na splošno telesna dejavnost in prehrana pomembno prispevata k ohranjanju dobrega počutja in k izboljšanju kakovosti življenja. Rehabilitacija z vadbo se zdaj obravnava kot učinkovit način za obnavljanje telesnega in duševnega delovanja. Namen: namen diplomskega dela je bil ugotoviti, kakšen vpliv ima fizioterapija v procesu paliativne oskrbe. Metode: uporabljena je bila strategija sekundarne analize podatkov. Spletni viri so bili iskani preko podatkovnih baz člankov PubMed in PEDro. V raziskavah o bili uporabljeni različni tipi intervencij. Uporabili smo študije, ki so preučevale učinkovitost različnih tehnik in postopkov fizioterapije, katerih cilj je izboljšanje bolnikovega počutja. Vključene so tako raziskave z intervencijsko in kontrolno skupino kot tudi raziskave z dvema intervencijskima skupinama. Prispevki so bili vrednoteni po kriterijih PEDro-ocenjevalne lestvice. Rezultati: glede na kriterije je bilo v diplomsko delo zajetih 11 raziskav. V pregledu literature so ugotovili, da fizioterapijo koristi premalo bolnikov, od tega je manj kot 40 % bolnikov iz paliativne enote, napotenih na fizioterapijo. Pregled literature je pokazal, da lahko kombinacija masaže in terapevtskih vaj ublaži bolečino in izboljša razpoloženje bolnikov z neozdravljivim rakom (paliativni bolniki). Pokazal se je znaten učinek predvsem na trenutno raven bolečine in najvišjo raven bolečine kot tudi težnja k blaženju bolečine v povprečju. Terapevtska vadba vpliva na komponente kakovosti življenja. Živčno mišična električna stimulacija ni primerna za paliativne bolnike. Razprava in sklep: pomembno je ozaveščanje o pomenu fizioterapije v paliativni oskrbi, saj glede na pregledane raziskave fizioterapijo koristi premalo paliativnih bolnikov. Rezultati raziskav kažejo na pozitivne učinke fizioterapije na počutje paliativnih bolnikov, saj lahko z uporabo različnih fizioterapevtskih metod in tehnik blažimo bolečino ter vplivamo na izboljšanje razpoloženje.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: fizioterapija v paliativni oskrbi, bolniki v paliativni oskrbi, kakovost življenja
• Work type: Bachelor thesis/paper
• Organization: ZF - Faculty of Health Sciences
• Year: 2017
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-91104
• COBISS.SI-ID: 5226091
• Publication date in RUL: 20.03.2017

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: Physiotherapy in the process of palliative care : literature review

Abstract

Introduction: With palliative care we aim to ensure the highest possible quality of remaining life and a dignified passing. Physiotherapy is of great interest in palliative care. Therapeutic exercise is gaining interest in the field of rehabilitation of cancer patients and in the field of palliative care in general. Physical activity and a proper diet can contribute significantly to maintaining the well-being and improving the quality of life. Rehabilitation that includes exercise is now considered an effective way to restore physical and mental functioning. Purpose: The purpose of the thesis was to determine the influence of physiotherapy in the process of palliative care. Methods: The chosen method was the strategy of secondary data analysis. Web resources were found through the PubMed and PEDro article databases. Different types of interventions were recorded throughout the studies; the studies examined in the thesis researched the effectiveness of various physiotherapeutic techniques and procedures, which aimed to improve patients’ well-being. The selection includes studies with one intervention and one control group as well as studies with two intervention groups. Study articles were assessed according to the criteria of the PEDro rating scale. Results: On the basis of the criteria, 11 research studies were included in the thesis. The literature review has shown that a combination of massage and therapeutic exercises may alleviate pain and improve the mood of patients with terminal cancer (palliative patients). A significant impact was detected primarily on the current pain level and also on the highest pain level, as well as a tendency to alleviate pain on average. However, it was also determined that physiotherapy benefits too few patients; less than 40 % of patients from the palliative care unit are being referred to physiotherapy. While therapeutic exercises influence the quality of life components, neuromuscular electrical stimulation is not suitable for palliative patients. Discussion and conclusion: It is important to raise awareness about the importance of physiotherapy in palliative care, since according to the reviewed studies not enough palliative patients benefit from physiotherapy. The results of the studies show the positive effects of physiotherapy on the well-being of patients in palliative care; using various physiotherapeutic methods and techniques we can reduce pain and improve patients’ mood.

• Keywords: physiotherapy in palliative care, patients in palliative care, quality of life