Razlikovanje vrst jagodnjakov (Fragaria L.) v Sloveniji

Malovrh, Katja (avtor), Bačič, Martina (mentor)

V slovenski naravi uspevajo tri vrste jagodnjakov: Fragaria viridis, Fragaria vesca in Fragaria moschata. Čeprav se vrste med seboj dobro ločijo, jih je po domačem določevalnem ključu Mala flora Slovenije (Martinčič idr., 2007) težko razlikovati. Zato sem na osnovi pregleda tuje literature in lastnih opažanj izdelala določevalni ključ, ki upošteva več razlikovalnih znakov in je uporaben za določanje tako svežih kot herbariziranih primerkov, ki so lahko nabrani tudi brez podzemnih delov in pritlik. Razlikovalne znake sem preverila na materialu iz herbarija LJU na Oddelku za biologijo Biotehniške fakultete Univerze v Ljubljani. Izmerila in opazovala sem 20 znakov na 141 herbarijskih polah. Obenem sem preverila pravilnost določitev materiala. Izkazalo se je, da je pravilno določenega le 72 % materiala. Največ rastlin je bilo napačno določenih kot F. viridis (kar 74 %). Na osnovi podatkov iz herbarijskih etiket smo po reviziji izdelali še zemljevid razširjenosti. Vrsti F. vesca in F. moschata sta pogosti, medtem ko je F. viridis precej redka. Vse tri vrste se pojavljajo (skoraj) po vsej Sloveniji. Pri vrstah F. vesca in F. moschata dobljene karte razširjenosti dobro odražajo dejansko stanje razširjenosti v slovenski naravi. Pri F. viridis je bilo nabirkov zelo malo, le slabih 8 % pol, kar kaže na redkost te vrste. Za popolnejši vzorec razširjenosti F. viridis bi morala dobiti dodatne podatke. Menim, da bo novi ključ, ki upošteva več razlikovalnih znakov in njihova stanja bolje razloži, pripomogel k boljšemu razlikovanju vrst v naslednjih letih. Ker je jagodnjak pogosta ter razširjena rastlina in je primeren objekt za doseganje več učnih ciljev pri Naravoslovju v 6. razredu, sem načrtovala učno uro za šestošolce. Predstavila sem jo v obliki učne priprave (2 šolski uri).

• Jezik: Slovenski jezik
• Ključne besede: Fragaria
• Vrsta gradiva: Diplomsko delo/naloga
• Tipologija: 2.11 - Diplomsko delo
• Organizacija: PEF - Pedagoška fakulteta
• Leto izida: 2016
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-87128
• COBISS.SI-ID: 11337801
• Datum objave v RUL: 04.09.2017

Sekundarni jezik

• Jezik: Angleški jezik
• Naslov: Differentiation of the strawberry species (Fragaria L.) in Slovenia

Izvleček

In Slovenian nature, there are three species of strawberries: Fragaria viridis, Fragaria vesca and Fragaria moschata. Even though the species are not very similar, it is difficult to determine the species with Slovenian identification key Mala flora Slovenije (Martinčič et al., 2007). Therefore I made a new key (based on foreign literature and my own observation) which includes more discriminative morphological characters. It can be used to identify fresh plants as well as herbarium material (underground parts or stolon are not necessary for determination). Discriminative characters were verified on the material from herbarium LJU at Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, in Department of Biology. 20 characteristics were measured or observed on 141 herbarium samples. At the same time I verified correctness of determinations of the collected material. It turned out that only 72% of material was correctly determined. Most plants were wrongly determined as F. viridis (74%). After the revision, I made the distribution map that was based on information from herbarium labels. F. vesca and F. moschata are common, while F. viridis is rare; all three species occur almost across whole Slovenia. The distribution patterns of F. vesca and F. moschata, shown in my map, represent the true distribution in Slovenian nature rather well. For F. viridis, my sample was too scarce. Only 8% of the revised material was identified as F. viridis, which indicates that this species is rare. For better presentation of distribution of F. viridis, I would need more data. I believe that the new identification key, which includes more determination characters and explains their states better, can improve the success of identification of the three species in future. Since strawberry is a common, widely spread and well-known plant, is a suitable plant object to work with in schools. It can be used to achieve many learning objectives in the sixth grade of Slovenian primary school. I presented it in a form of a lesson plan for two school hours.

• Ključne besede: Fragaria