Ideje za poučevanje kolesarjenja v temeljni gibalni fazi

Kocijančič, Tea (author), Gregorc, Jera (mentor)

V diplomski nalogi smo se osredotočili na poučevanje kolesarjenja v temeljni gibalni fazi. Opredelili smo dejavnike, ki vplivajo na uspešno učenje, ter podali ideje o tem, kdaj in kako začeti kolesariti. Predstavili smo različne vrste koles (štirikolesnik, poganjalec, trikolesnik in kolo), ki so primerne glede na starost in razvoj otrok v predšolskem obdobju. Otroci se v predšolskem obdobju srečajo z različnimi športnimi pripomočki. Pri učenju ravnanja z njimi ima v tem obdobju ključno vlogo ravnotežje. Učenje kolesarjenja draži čutila, ki sodelujejo pri ravnotežju. Ravnotežje predstavlja sito za opravljanje katerekoli gibalne dejavnosti, zato je v predšolskem obdobju to ključna gibalna sposobnost. Menimo, da je torej smiselno otrokom čim pogosteje ponuditi različne vrste koles. Vzgojiteljev temeljni dokument, iz katerega mora izhajati njegovo načrtovanje in izvajanje dela, je Kurikulum za vrtce. Gre za nacionalni vsebinski dokument za javne vrtce, ki opredeljuje posamezna področja, ki jih razvijamo pri otrocih v predšolskem obdobju (jezik, matematika, umetnost, gibanje, narava, družba). V njem so predstavljena kurikularna načela, splošni in globalni cilji za posamezna področja ter primeri vsebin in dejavnosti. V kurikulu so primeri dejavnosti za področje Gibanje napisani ločeno za dve starostni obdobji; kar velja tudi za kolesarjenje. V povezavi s področjem Družba, Kurikulum za vrtce, za kolesarjenje opredeljuje tudi medpodročne teme, kot sta promet in okoljska vzgoja. Vrtec lahko ponudi tudi obogatitvene programe, ki jih načrtujejo in izvajajo vzgojitelji in so del izvedbenega kurikula ter so skladne s Kurikulumom za vrtce. Eden od njih je gibalni/športni program Mali sonček, ki je nastal kot razširitev Zlatega sončka in se v vrtcih izvaja od leta 2011/2012. V njem so opredeljene tudi naloge in stopnje kolesarjenja, ki naj bi jih otroci v predšolskem obdobju usvojili. V diplomski nalogi smo predstavili vse omenjene dokumente, ki so vzgojiteljem v pomoč pri načrtovanju in izvajanju dejavnosti s kolesi. Zasnovali smo tudi program z metodičnimi postopki, ki naj bi, po našem mnenju, otroka na igriv način pripeljale do obvladovanja kolesa. Z analiziranjem izbranih že obstoječih iger smo ugotavljali trenutne trende poučevanja kolesarjenja. Na podlagi kritične analize izbranih iger smo skozi prizmo specifike razvoja predšolskega otroka podali idejo za poučevanje kolesarjenja v temeljni gibalni fazi. Vzgojiteljem smo s tem pokazali izhodišče za oblikovanje novih iger, ki bodo upoštevala vse specifike učenja v predšolskem obdobju.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: kolesarjenje
• Work type: Undergraduate thesis
• Typology: 2.11 - Undergraduate Thesis
• Organization: PEF - Faculty of Education
• Year: 2016
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-86019
• COBISS.SI-ID: 11209033
• Publication date in RUL: 19.09.2017

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: The ideas of teaching cycling in the movement phase

Abstract

In the graduation thesis we focused on teaching of cycling in fundamental movement phase. We defined factors influencing successful learning, and gave ideas when and how to start with cycling. We presented various types of bicycles (balance bike, tricycle, bicycle), which are suitable in regard to development of children in the pre-school period. In the pre-school period, children meet with different sports devices. In teaching handling them, balance plays a key role. Teaching cycling teases senses that cooperate in balance. Balance represents screen for performing any physical activity. Therefore, in the pre-school period this is a key motor skill. We believe, it is thus sensible offering children different types of bicycles as often as possible. Teacher´s basic document, from which their planning and implementation of work must derive, is Curriculum for kindergartens. This is a national contents document for public kindergartens, which defines individual areas, which we develop in children in the pre-school period (language, mathematics, art, movement, nature, society). It presents curricular principles, general and global objectives for individual areas and examples of contents and activities. In the Curriculum, examples of activities for the Movement programme are stated separately for two age period. That also affects cycling. In connection to the area of society, Curriculum for kindergarten defines also cross-sectional topics, namely traffic and environmental education. Kindergarten can also offer enrichment programmes that are planned and implemented by teachers, and are a part of implementing curriculum, and are in accordance with the Curriculum for kindergartens. One of them is the Mali sonček movement/sports programme, which was developed as extension of the Zlati sonček programme, and is implemented in kindergartens since 2011/2012. It also defines tasks and levels of cycling that children in the pre-school period should won. In the graduation thesis we presented all the mentioned documents, which are a help for teachers in planning and implementation of the activities with bicycles. We also designed a programme with methodical procedures, which in our opinion should bring a child to control the bicycle in a playful way. With analysis of the chosen existing games, we established current trends of teaching cycling. Based on critical analysis of the chosen games through a prism of specifics of development of a pre-school child, we presented an idea for teaching cycling in fundamental movement phase. Thus, we demonstrated the teachers a starting point for designing of new games, which will take into account all specifics of learning in a pre-school period.

• Keywords: cycling