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Amiotrofična lateralna skleroza (ALS) in govorne, jezikovne, komunikacijske ovire pri ALS
ID Krašna, Kaja (Author), ID Ozbič, Martina (Mentor) More about this mentor... This link opens in a new window

URLURL - Presentation file, Visit http://pefprints.pef.uni-lj.si/3829/ This link opens in a new window

Abstract
Amiotrofična lateralna skleroza (ALS) je napredujoča nevrodegenerativna bolezen, ki prizadene motorične nevrone centralnega živčnega sistema osebe, kar povzroči slabenje, spastičnost in atrofijo mišic telesa. Začetni znaki se najpogosteje pojavljajo v zgornjih in spodnjih udih, pogosta značilnost ALS-a pa je tudi prisotnost bulbarnih simptomov, kot sta dizartrija (težave pri govoru) in disfagija (težave pri požiranju). Progresija teh simptomov močno vpliva na življenje obolelih z ALS, saj lahko znižujejo njihovo kakovost življenja in dobo preživetja. Senzorične funkcije običajno ostanejo neprizadete. Dandanes je že znano, da imajo osebe z ALS oškodovane tudi kognitivne funkcije. Napredovanje bolezni postopoma privede do paralize hotnega mišičja in s tem do nezmožnosti gibanja, govora, požiranja in dihanja obolelih oseb. Le-te običajno umrejo zaradi odpovedi dihalnih funkcij. Običajno ALS nastopi v odrasli dobi, moški obolevajo nekoliko pogosteje kot ženske. Vzrok za razvoj bolezni je še vedno neznan, razen v 5 – 10 % primerov, ko je bolezen familiarne (torej dedne) oblike. Povrečna doba preživetja oseb z ALS je okrog treh let. ALS še vedno ostaja neozdravljiva bolezen. Obravnava obolelih je najučinkovitejša z multidisciplinarnim pristopom, »zdravljenje« pa ostaja usmerjeno v obvladovanje simptomov in ohranjanje kvalitete življenja teh oseb. Glede na to, da je ALS pri nas skoraj nepoznana bolezen in predvsem ker povzroča izgubljanje zmožnosti komuniciranja osebe s sogovorniki, sem želela izvedeti več o pomoči bolnikom z ALS in vlogi logopeda pri tem. Med zbiranjem dostopne strokovne literature sem ugotovila, da je v slovenskem jeziku napisanega zelo malo o tej hudi bolezni, še posebej malo pa je literature za področje logopedskih obravnav. Zato sem se odločila, da preko analiziranja in proučevanja informacij iz zbrane literature ter baz podatkov strnem informacije o ALS, opišem delo logopeda z osebami z ALS oz. napišem »priročnik« o tej bolezni.

Language:Slovenian
Keywords:amiotrofična lateralna skleroza
Work type:Undergraduate thesis
Typology:2.11 - Undergraduate Thesis
Organization:PEF - Faculty of Education
Year:2016
PID:20.500.12556/RUL-85974 This link opens in a new window
COBISS.SI-ID:11197001 This link opens in a new window
Publication date in RUL:19.09.2017
Views:2360
Downloads:292
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Secondary language

Language:English
Title:Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and speech, language, communication obstacles in ALS
Abstract:
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease that affects motor neurons of the central nervous system, which causes weakness, spasticity and muscular atrophy. Early signs most commonly appear in upper and lower limbs, but ALS also frequently causes bulbar symptoms like dysarthria (difficulty speaking) and dysphagia (difficulty swallowing). Progression of these symptoms heavily affects the lives of ALS patients, because they can lower their quality of life and life expectancy. Sensory functions usually remain unaffected. We know today that ALS patients' cognitive functions are also affected. Disease progression slowly leads to voluntary muscle paralysis and consequent inability to move, speak, swallow and breathe. The patients usually die due to respiratory failure. ALS usually manifests in adults, men are affected somewhat more frequently than women. The cause of the disease remains unknown, except in 5 – 10 % of familial (and therefore genetic) cases. The average life expectancy of ALS patients is around three years. The disease is still incurable. Multidisciplinary treatment is most effective and remains centered on symptom management and the preservation of the quality of life. Due to the fact that in Slovenia ALS is an almost unknown disease which causes the loss of communication abilities, I wanted to learn more about the ways of helping ALS patients and the logopaedist's role in their treatment. During my search for literature I found out that very little of it exists in Slovenian and especially little in the field of logopaedic treatment. I have therefore decided to analyse and study the information from gathered literature and databases, sum it up, describe the logopaedist's role in working with ALS patients and write a »manual« about the disease.

Keywords:amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

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