Zasnova in delovanje sodobnih večsistemskih električnih lokomotiv

AVGUŠTIN, ROMAN (author), Fišer, Rastko (mentor)

Diplomsko delo se osredotoča na karakteristike sodobnih večsistemskih lokomotiv s poudarkom na njihove ključne sestavne podsklope s pripadajočimi komponentami in njihovimi funkcijami. Kot predmet analize služi lokomotiva Siemens ES 64 U4, razreda Eurosprinter, ki je v voznem parku Slovenskih železnic beležena kot lokomotivni razred SŽ 541. Uvodni del je namenjen osvetlitvi razlogov, ki so omogočili, da so se večsistemske lokomotive pričele uveljavljati kot eden vodilnih in tržno najbolj uspešnih segmentov na področju železniških tirnih vozil. Drugo poglavje je osredotočeno na zgodovinski razvoj električne vleke na področju tirnih vozil kakor tudi železniških napajalnih sistemov. Predstavljene so prednosti in slabosti posameznih vrst železniških omrežij ter njihove razvojne faze. Nadalje obravnava poglavje stopnje razvoja pogonske tehnike električnih lokomotiv. Predstavljeni so pogonski koncepti, katere danes uvrščamo med konvencionalne, vendar predstavljajo posamezne evolucijske korake, ki jih smatramo kot pomembne mejnike v razvoju električne vleke. Osrednji del diplomske naloge je namenjen podrobni predstavitvi sodobne večsistemske lokomotive proizvajalca Siemens z oznako ES 64 U4. Opisani so sestavni deli posameznih funkcijskih enot, med katerimi so ključni električni pogonski sistem, mehanska zasnova ter tehnika nadzora in vodenja lokomotive vključno s signalno varnostnimi napravami. Poglavje je zaokroženo s primerjavo vlečnih karakteristik lokomotive SŽ 541 s predstavnico lokomotiv z vgrajeno konvencionalno pogonsko tehniko pod oznako SŽ 363 na konkretnem progovnem odseku znotraj Slovenije. V zaključku poglavja sta ovrednoteni tako električna kot tudi mehanska moč lokomotive. V četrtem poglavju so predstavljene trenutne smernice razvoja večsistemskih lokomotiv na primeru najnovejšega izdelka proizvajalca Siemens pod oznako Vectron. Ta lokomotivni razred je bil predstavljen kot direktni naslednik razreda Eurosprinter, zato je poglavje namenjeno predstavitvi razlik med njima ter razgrnitvi vzrokov, ki so botrovali k razvoju novejšega modela. Za zaključek so predstavljene ugotovitve in spoznanja, ki so rezultat preučevanja področja univerzalnih električnih lokomotiv dveh generacij, ter njune konceptualne razlike. Predstavljena je vloga večsistemske lokomotive v slovenskem prostoru ter opisana možnost povečanja izkoristka njenega potenciala.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: električna vleka, napajalno omrežje, serijski kolektorski motor, tiristor, IGBT, pretvorniški sestav, asinhronski motor, večsistemska lokomotiva, adhezija, vlečna karakteristka.
• Work type: Undergraduate thesis
• Organization: FE - Faculty of Electrical Engineering
• Year: 2016
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-85834
• Publication date in RUL: 27.09.2016

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: Design and operation of modern multi-system locomotives

Abstract

The diploma thesis is focused on the characteristics of modern multisystem locomotives with an emphasis on the key subsystem components and their operating functions. Eurosprinter class multisystem locomotive Siemens ES 64 U4 or SŽ 541, as it is classified by the Slovenian National Railway Operator Slovenske železnice, serves as the subject of analysis. First part of the thesis explains the reasons behind the successful breakthrough of multisystem locomotives as one of the leading segments in the field of railway vehicle manufacturing. The second chapter presents the historical development of electric traction vehicles as well as railway main-line supply systems in Europe. Part of it outlines the pros and cons of different types of electrical supply networks and important steps in their development. Furthermore the chapter highlights the development phases of electrical drives for railway applications, starting with what today are considered as conventional drives, but represent important milestones in the evolution of electric traction. The main part of the thesis thorouhghly examines the multisystem locomotive Siemens ES 64 U4. The locomotive units primary systems are described, including the electric drive, the mechanical design concept and onboard signalling, control and safety systems. The chapter is rounded off with comparing performance characteristics of locomotive class SŽ 541 with its predecessor among the Slovenian railway fleet, Class SŽ 363 on an existing section of track within the Slovenian rail network. The chapter is concluded with the evaluation of the locomotives electrical and mechanical power output. Current guidlines for further development of multisystem locomotives are outlined in the fourth chapter by presenting the highlights of the newest locomotive class from manufacturer Siemens, named Vectron. The afformentioned series takes the place of the Eurosprinter class as its succesor, therefore comparison between the classes is provided, while also unveiling the contributing factors that led to the development of a new locomotive series. The final chapter presents findings and conclusions, which are the result of a detalied study of two generations of multisystem locomotive classes, while also highlighting their conceptual differences. The role multisystem locomotives play in the Slovenian railway system is presented and potential developments of the Slovenian railway network in order to enhance their efficiency are proposed.

• Keywords: electric traction, railway electrical supply network, series-wound commutator motor, thyristor, IGBT, four-quadrant converter, asynchronous motor, multisystem locomotive, adhesion, tractive effort curve.