The focus of this paper is a comparison of different periods in the development of the personnel/HRM function in Slovenia and Serbia. The paper describes and compares the social, political and economic characteristics that have influenced personnel/HRM policies and practices during various periods of time to answer the question of whether the current functions have the characteristics of traditional personnel management or strategic HRM. This makes it easier to understand the development of the personnel/HRM function in each country, and offers specific insights into how and why the functions have changed in organisations in two countries that were once part of the same Federation. Since 2000 there has been a clear shift towards an HRM model associated with the devolution process, a change which is much more pronounced in Slovenia than in Serbia.
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