Telesna aktivnost in kvaliteta življenja oseb s slepoto in slabovidnostjo

Češarek, Sara (author), Runjić, Tina (mentor), Jerman, Janez (co-mentor)

Na kvaliteto življenja poleg slepote in slabovidnosti vpliva tudi telesna aktivnost, ki pripomore k mobilnosti posameznika, opravljanju vsakodnevnih veščin ter splošni funkcionalnosti. Ker so posamezniki s slepoto in slabovidnostjo izredno heterogena skupina, mora tiflopedagog dobro vedeti, kako izmeriti in spodbuditi telesno aktivnost glede na interese in zmožnosti posameznika s slepoto in slabovidnostjo. Šele takrat, ko bomo posamezniku približali telesno aktivnost, bomo lahko z uporabnikom in njegovo socialno mrežo oblikovali optimalen program rehabilitacije. Zaradi telesne neaktivnosti in staranja populacije je tudi med osebami s slepoto in slabovidnostjo povišano tveganje za razvoj sekundarnih bolezni in debelosti, kar vpliva na posameznikov motorični aparat. V izogib razvoju sekundarnih bolezni, debelosti in socialni izolaciji je potrebna telesna aktivnost. V magistrskem delu smo opredelili kvaliteto življenja v povezavi s telesno aktivnostjo oseb s slepoto ali slabovidnostjo. V raziskavi je bilo 30 udeležencev od tega 18 moških in 12 žensk, 8 slepih in 22 slabovidnih. Udeleženci so bili stari od 18 leta naprej. Na podlagi odgovorov udeležencev smo opredelili, v kolikšni meri je njihova telesna aktivnost povezana s kvaliteto življenja. Kvaliteto življenja smo merili z Vprašalnikom kvalitete življenja (Impact of Visual Impairment) (Weih, Hassell in Keeffe, 2002). Vprašalnik meri vpliv slepote in slabovidnosti na kvaliteto življenja v domenah orientacije in mobilnosti, dostopnost do informacij in psihosocialnost. Odgovori se beležijo z Likartovo lestvico od 0 do 10. Telesno aktivnost smo merili z Vprašalnikom telesne aktivnosti - dolga oblika (International Physical Activity Questionnaire – long form) (Craig, Marshall, Sjostrom, Bauman, Booth, Ainsworth, Pratt, Ekelund, Yngve, Sallis in Oja, 2003). V ocenjevanje telesne aktivnosti so vključene dejavnosti, ki jih udeleženci izvajajo v okviru vsakodnevnih aktivnosti (košnja trave, pomivanje oken ...), na delovnem mestu, v prostem času, kot način transporta in sedenje. Meri se v minutah telesne aktivnosti na dan za pretekli teden. Rezultati pokažejo, da so osebe s slepoto in slabovidnostjo v splošnem nizko do srednje telesno aktivni. V posameznih domenah telesne aktivnosti so pri telesni aktivnosti na vrtu in znotraj doma ter v prostem času srednje aktivni, v domenah telesne aktivnosti kot načinu transporta in na delovnem mestu so nizko aktivni. Ugotovili smo, da telesna aktivnost vpliva na kvaliteto življenja. Znotraj kvalitete življenja in telesne aktivnosti ni bilo nobenih razlik glede na spol, starost, kategorijo izgube vida in čas od izgube vida.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: osebe s slepoto in slabovidnostjo
• Work type: Master's thesis/paper
• Typology: 2.09 - Master's Thesis
• Organization: PEF - Faculty of Education
• Year: 2016
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-84797
• COBISS.SI-ID: 11131465
• Publication date in RUL: 09.09.2016

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: Physical activity and quality of life of people with visual impairments

Abstract

Physical activity has a big impact on the quality of life of people with visual impairment. Physical activity contributes to mobility of an individual, managing everyday living skills and general ability to function normally in everyday situations. Because people with visual impairment are a heterogeneous group, the teacher for the visually impaired has to know how to measure and encourage physical activity and take into account their interests and abilities. Once the person accepts the physical activity, an optimal rehabilitation program will be created. The programme should include individual's goals and those of one's social network. Due to lack of physical activity and ageing of the population the development of secondary illnesses and obesity is a possibility, that consequently affects the person's motor skills. In order to avoid development of secondary diseases, obesity and social isolation physical activity is necessary. In this master's thesis the quality of life in connection with physical activity of persons with visual impairment has been specified. In the research there was 30 participant, 12 women and 18 men, 8 blind and 22 with low vision. Based on the responses of participants, aged 18 and above, we have identified the extent of the connection between the physical activity and the quality of life. The quality of life was measured with Impact of Visual Impairment (Weih, Hassell in Keeffe, 2002). The questionnaire measures the impact of visual impairment on quality of life within orientation and mobility, access to information and psychosocial aspects. The answers are recorded with Likart scale from 0 to 10. The physical activity was measured with International Physical Activity Questionnaire – long form (Craig, Marshall, Sjostrom, Bauman, Booth, Ainsworth, Pratt, Ekelund, Yngve, Sallis in Oja, 2003). In the evaluation of physical activity the questionnaire includes indoor and outdoor activities as well as physical activities in the work place, in their free time and while sitting. It is measured with minutes of physical activity per day for the last week. The results show that levels of general physical activity of people with visual impairments are low and moderate. General physical activity is divided into different domains. The domains of domestic and gardening activities and leisure-time physical activity show a moderate level of physical activity. Work-related physical activity and transport-related physical acitivity show low levels of physical activity for people with visual impairments. Physical activity affects the individuals quality of life. Inside the physical activity and quality of life the results show no differences in gender, age, category of visual impairment and time of onset of visual impairment.

• Keywords: persons with visual impairments