Uporaba infrardeče kamere pri obravnavi pojmov toplota in temperatura v 5. razredu OŠ

Debevec, Katja (avtor), Susman, Katarina (mentor)

S pojmi, kot so toplotni tok, toplota in temperatura se učenci v osnovni šoli konkretneje srečajo šele v 5. razredu. Pojmi s prostimi očmi niso vidni, zato jih je učencem težje konkretno predstaviti. Prav pri tematiki o toploti in temperaturi prihaja do pogostih napačnih predstav. V doplomskem delu je predstavljen pregled učnih načrtov za osnovno šolo in ciljev povezanih s toploto in temperaturo. Obenem so zbrane najpogostejše napačne predstave v povezavi z omenjenima pojmoma. Pripravila sem še pregled eksperimentov o toploti in temperaturi, ki jih predlagajo učbeniki in delovni zvezki za naravoslovje in tehniko v 5. razredu osnovne šole. V teoretičnem delu so predstavljena teoretična izhodišča za obravnavo pojmov toplota, temperatura, toplotni tok, toplotni prevodniki in izolatorji. Predstavljeno je elektromagnetno valovanje, katerega del je tudi infrardeče (IR) sevanje, termografija in z njo povezana IR merilna instrumenta, IR termometer in IR kamera. Ker je smiselno, da se šolski prostor prilagaja novostim in vključuje sodobno tehnologijo ter njene prednosti v pouk, sem kot učni pripomoček pri obravnavi vsebin o toploti in temperaturi izbrala infrardečo (IR) kamero. Ta na razumljiv in vizualno privlačen način prikaže dogajanje med izvajanjem aktivnosti, povezanih s toploto in temperaturo. Izvedba in interpretacija eksperimentov z IR kamero predstavlja dobro izhodišče za obravnavo pojmov pri tematikah energija, toplota, temperatura, toplotni prevodniki in izolatorji, ki so umeščeni v učne načrte v višjih razredih osnovne šole. Na osnovi posnetkov z IR kamero in fotografij z običajnim fotoaparatom je namesto klasičnega preverjanja ali utrjevanja znanja zasnovana didaktična igra, za katero je značilno, da sledi točno določenim vzgojno-izobraževalnim ciljem. Pripravljena gradiva bodo učitelji lahko neposredno uporabili v razredu na dva načina – z ali brez uporabe IR kamere. Učencem bodo tako lahko predstavili tematiko s serijo eksperimentov, ki v smiselnem in po zahtevnosti postopnem vrstnem redu obravnavajo in vpeljujejo pojme toplota, temperatura in toplotna prevodnost.

• Jezik: Slovenski jezik
• Ključne besede: temperatura
• Vrsta gradiva: Diplomsko delo
• Tipologija: 2.11 - Diplomsko delo
• Organizacija: PEF - Pedagoška fakulteta
• Leto izida: 2016
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-84718
• COBISS.SI-ID: 11126601
• Datum objave v RUL: 09.09.2016

Sekundarni jezik

• Jezik: Angleški jezik
• Naslov: Teaching heat and temperature using infrared camera in 5th grade

Izvleček

Pupils in primary school encounter and start learning about terms such as heat flux, heat and temperature in 5th grade. These terms cannot be seen with the naked eye, and therefore it takes more effort to be able to explain them to the pupils. Especially the terms heat and temperature often cause misconceptions. In the diploma thesis there is an overview of how often the terms heat and temperature appear in the primary school curriculum, and an overview of the most common false perceptions concerning these two terms. Furthermore, there is an overview of heat and temperature experiments suggested in textbooks and workbooks for the 5th grade subject science and technique. In theoretical part of diploma thesis, the theoretical starting points for the discussion regarding the terms heat, temperature, heat flux, thermal conductivity and insulation are presented. Electromagnetic radiation and its familiar infrared radiation are described, as well as thermography and its related measuring instruments – infrared thermometer and infrared camera. School curriculum should adjust to the novelties and include contemporary technology and its benefits in lessons, therefore I decided to present infrared camera as a teaching accessory for the discussion of the topics heat and temperature. Infrared camera demonstrates the activities that are happening when heat and temperature are detected in a comprehensible and visually attractive way. Infrared camera experiment performance and interpretation are a useful starting point for the discussion of the topics such as energy, heat, temperature, heat conductivity and insulation, which are included in the curriculum in higher primary school grades. Instead of usual methods for refreshing and testing knowledge, infrared camera recordings and photographs taken by camera are used for designing a didactic game that follows well-defined educational goals. Teachers will be able to use the prepared materials immediately in class in two ways – with or without infrared camera. The topics heat, temperature and thermal conductivity will be presented and explained to the pupils gradually and logically by performing a set of experiments.

• Ključne besede: temperature