Razlike med spoloma v vzdržljivosti predšolskih otrok

Kobal, Veronika (avtor), Gregorc, Jera (mentor)

Namen diplomskega dela je na podlagi kritične analize sodobne slovenske in tuje literature o razvoju predšolskega otroka, ki trdi, da razlik med dečki in deklicami v predšolskem obdobju ni, ugotoviti, ali se to dejansko odraža tudi na gibalnem področju. Na podlagi analize izbranih dejavnikov, in sicer fizioloških (delovanje srčno-žilnega sistema in dihalnega sistema), psiholoških (npr. motivacije) idr., ki opredeljujejo vzdržljivost kot funkcionalno sposobnost človeka za opravljanje določene dejavnosti dlje časa, ne da bi moral bistveno zmanjšati njeno intenzivnost, smo najprej teoretično preučevali vzroke za razlike v odzivih srca na obremenitev med otrokom in odraslim. Te razlike v naporu na dano obremenitev smo praktično preverili z dvema metodama za razvoj vzdržljivosti in dobljene podatke analizirali ter jih povezali s teorijo. Preveriti smo želeli, ali obstajajo razlike v odzivih srca enako starih dečkov in deklic, kadar sistematično razvijamo vzdržljivost in skušali najti vzroke za dobljene podatke. V vzorec raziskave smo zajeli 8 predšolskih otrok, starih 5 let. Vsi otroci so imeli med izvajanjem merilce srčnega utripa. Vzorec spremenljivk je zajemal dve metodi za razvoj vzdržljivosti, in sicer metodo igre in metodo neprekinjenega napora. Razlika med njima je bila v tem, da so metodo neprekinjenega napora izvedli vsi v enaki obremenitvi, in sicer s hojo na 1 km v 20. minutah, medtem ko so si obremenitev in napor pri metodi igre otroci določali sami, pri čemer so jih pravila igre vodila v razvoj vzdržljivosti. Analiza grafov, ki smo jih dobili s pretvarjanjem podatkov v krivulje srčnega utripa med izvajanjem dejavnosti, nam je pokazala izrazito individualnost vsakega otroka pri izvajanju dejavnosti po metodi igre, hkrati pa smo zaznali tudi vzorec odziva srca, značilnega za dečke. Opazili smo, da so dečki na začetku delali intenzivneje kot deklice. Slednje pa so si vzele več odmorov, delale v nižji intenzivnosti, vendar bile dejavne ves čas približno enako. Med izvajanjem neprekinjenega napora, ki je imel enako obremenitev za vse, se kažejo individualne razlike v naporu. Razlike po spolu pa tu niso bile zaznane.

• Jezik: Neznan jezik
• Ključne besede: predšolski otrok
• Vrsta gradiva: Diplomsko delo/naloga
• Organizacija: PEF - Pedagoška fakulteta
• Leto izida: 2015
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-80857
• COBISS.SI-ID: 10926921
• Datum objave v RUL: 29.03.2016

Sekundarni jezik

• Jezik: Neznan jezik
• Naslov: Gender differences in endurance among preschool children

Izvleček

The goal of my diploma work is based on the critical analysis of contemporary Slovene and foreign literature about the development of preschool child, which claims that there can’t be found differences between boys and girls in preschool period or it can be actually reflected also on the motion area. On the basis of analysis of the chosen factors that are physiological ( operation of the cardiovascular system and breathing system) and psychological ( motivation for instance) which define the endurance as functional ability of a human being for certain activities for a long time without essentially reducing the intensity, we were first researching the causes for differences in responses of the heart to the burdening between a child and a grown up. We examined those differences of efforts at the given burdening practically with two methods for development of endurance and then we analysed the gained results and connected them with the theory. We wanted to find out if there were any differences in response of the heart between equally old boys and girls when we were sistematically developing the endurance and trying to find out the causes for the found data. We took eight preschool children at the age of five as a sample of our research. All the children were wearing a pulsimeter during the research. The sample of changeability took two methods for the development of endurance – the method of game and the method of uninterrupted efforts. The difference was in the case that the method of uninterrupted efforts was carried out at equal efforts by walking 1km in 20 minutes. The efforts and burdening at the method of game were defined by children themselves, where the rules of the game led them to the development of the endurance. The analysis of the graph, got by turning the data into the curve line of the heartbeat during the activity, showed us the expressive individuality of each child at the activity of game method. At the same time we percieved a sample of response of heart typical of boys, we noticed that boys were acting more intensively at the beginning than girls. Girls took more breaks, acted less intensively, but were active all the time approximately the same. During the activity of uninterrupted efforts which were the same for all, the individual differences were shown. The differences in sex were not observed.

• Ključne besede: preschool child