Spoznavanje snovi v 1. starostnem obdobju

Travnik, Špela (avtor), Krnel, Dušan (mentor)

Učenje naravoslovja se začne takrat, ko so otroci najbolj radovedni in to je vsekakor že pri najmlajših otrocih. Zato sem se odločila, da bom v 1. starostnem obdobju otrokom predstavila različne raziskovalne igre s snovmi. S temi snovmi so se otroci že srečali, vendar na drugačen način, kot se bodo z njimi srečali zdaj. Za 1. starostno obdobje sem se odločila zato, ker menim, da je načrtovanih dejavnosti v vrtcu za to starost malo, saj so vzgojitelji mnenja, da otrok take dejavnosti ne zanimajo, da niso dovolj spretni in še na stopnji kognitivnega razvoja, ki je neprimerna za učenje naravoslovja. Namen diplomske naloge je otrokom približati dejavnosti za spoznavanje lastnosti nekaterih snovi, aktivirati njihovo radovednost in odkriti, koliko in kakšnemu vodenju lahko sledijo, da so njihove dejavnosti še usmerjene k zastavljenemu cilju. V teoretičnem delu diplomske naloge bom predstavila nekaj osnov zgodnjega učenja naravoslovja v vrtcu, snovi ter različne dejavnosti s snovmi, ki so jih drugi avtorji že izvedli z mlajšimi otroki, ki ustrezajo 1. starostnemu obdobju v naših vrtcih. Nato bom te dejavnosti v empiričnem delu primerjala z dejavnostmi, ki sem jih izbrala. V empiričnem delu diplomske naloge bom najprej preizkusila nekaj dejavnosti na manjšem vzorcu otrok. Te dejavnosti bom analizirala in na temelju rezultatov razvila nekaj dejavnosti, ki jih bom ponovno preizkusila z večjim vzorcem otrok. Cilj raziskovalnega dela je ugotoviti, kako v spontano igro s snovmi vključiti vodenje, da otroci s pomočjo vzgojitelja dosežejo zastavljene cilje. Nato bom na podlagi teh dveh dejavnosti pripravila še 3 dejavnosti s tekočimi snovmi in 3 dejavnosti s trdnimi snovmi, ki so primerne za to starost otrok.

• Jezik: Neznan jezik
• Ključne besede: zgodnje učenje naravoslovja
• Vrsta gradiva: Diplomsko delo/naloga
• Organizacija: PEF - Pedagoška fakulteta
• Leto izida: 2016
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-80854
• COBISS.SI-ID: 10926665
• Datum objave v RUL: 29.03.2016

Sekundarni jezik

• Jezik: Neznan jezik
• Naslov: Familiarisation with substances in the 1st age group

Izvleček

Learning of natural sciences starts when children are most curious. This definitely takes place when children are youngest. That is why I decided to present children in the first age bracket with different exploring games using different substances. The children have already been acquainted with these substances, but in another way that they will get to know them now. I decided for the first age bracket because I believe there are not enough planned activities for this age in kindergartens. This is due to the fact that teachers believe children are not interested in this kind of activities and that they are not skilful enough. They are also still in the process of cognitive development, which is not appropriate for learning natural sciences. The aim of this diploma thesis is to familiarise children with activities for learning about the characteristics of some substances, to activate their curiosity and to find out to what extend and what kind of guidance they can follow, so that their activities are still oriented towards the aim that we set. The theoretical part of my diploma thesis presents some basic facts of the early learning of natural sciences in kindergarten, about substances and different activities using them. The activities have been carried out by some other authors with children of the same age. These activities are compared with the activities I chose in the empirical part. The empirical part includes testing some of the activities on a smaller sample of children. These activities are analysed and on the basis of the results, some new activities are developed and again used on a bigger sample of children. The purpose of the research is to establish the best possible way of guiding a spontaneous game with substances so that the children achieve the goals with the help of a teacher. On the basis of these two activities, 6 more activities are prepared; 3 activities including liquid substances and 3 activities with solid substances which are appropriate for children in this age group.

• Ključne besede: early learning of natural sciences