Prikaz metode PECS pri otroku z avtistično motnjo in zmerno motnjo v duševnem razvoju : diplomsko delo

Izlakar, Neva (author), Ozbič, Martina (mentor), Kogovšek, Damjana (comentor)

Avtistične motnje so danes pogoste, najhitreje naraščajoče razvojno nevrološke motnje, ki lahko nastopajo skupaj z drugimi razvojnimi motnjami. Vsak otrok z avtistično motnjo je edinstven, posebna vsem pa je skupna prisotnost ozko usmerjenih ponavljajočih se vedenj, aktivnosti, interesov in težave na področju socialne komunikacije in interakcije. Avtistične motnje zajemajo vsa področja funkcioniranja, ne samo socialno-komunikacijskega področja. Starejše študije so pokazale, da ima 70 % otrok poleg avtistične motnje tudi motnjo v duševnem razvoju, novejše študije pa kažejo, da je teh 40 %. Motnja v duševnem razvoju se kaže v pomembno nižjih intelektualnih sposobnostih in pomembnih odstopanjih prilagoditvenih spretnosti. Razvitih je že veliko terapevtskih pristopov, ki lahko bistveno vplivajo na funkcioniranje otroka z avtistično motnjo. Čim prej je otrok z avtistično motnjo deležen terapevtskega pristopa, večji je uspeh. Eden izmed uspešnih terapevtskih pristopov je učenje komunikacije po sistemu izmenjave slik – PECS. V študiji primera sem prikazala učenje in uporabo podporne in nadomestne komunikacije PECS pri dečku z avtistično motnjo in motnjo v duševnem razvoju. Za to temo sem se odločila, ker je metoda PECS v praksi zelo uveljavljena in zanjo obstajajo dokazi o njeni učinkovitosti. Zanimalo me je, v kolikšni meri je primerna za otroke z avtistično motnjo, ki imajo pridruženo zmerno motnjo v duševnem razvoju. Cilj dela je bil pokazati delo po metodi PECS z otrokom z avtistično motnjo in zmerno motnjo v duševnem razvoju in kako metoda PECS vpliva na neželeno vedenje. PECS sem sistematično izvajala v okviru pouka v posebnem programu vzgoje in izobraževanja eno šolsko leto. Rezultati so pokazali, da je deček napredoval na področju komunikacije, uporabe podporne in nadomestne komunikacije PECS. Samostojno prek simbolov sporoča svoje potrebe in želje. Sestavi poved s tremi sličicami, v katerih uporablja tudi pridevnike. S PECS-om odgovori na vprašanje »KAJ BI RAD?«, razširil je besedni zaklad. Z razvojem komunikacije je deček postal mirnejši in je izkazoval bolj ustrezno vedenje.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: metoda PECS
• Work type: Bachelor thesis/paper
• Typology: 2.11 - Undergraduate Thesis
• Organization: PEF - Faculty of Education
• Publisher: [N. Izlakar]
• Year: 2015
• Number of pages: VI f., 113 str.
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-79933
• UDC: 376:616.896(043.2)
• COBISS.SI-ID: 10844489
• Publication date in RUL: 30.12.2015

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: Demonstration of method PECS at the child with autism and mental disorder

Abstract

Autism disorders are the fastest growing neurodevelopmental disorders of our time. They can occur together with other neurodevelopmental disorders. Every child with an autism disorder is unique, but what they all have in common are restricted, repetitive behaviours, activities and interests and deficits in social communication and interaction. Autism disorders encompass all domains of functioning and not only the domain of social communication. Some older studies have shown that 70% of children with an autism disorder also have a mental disorder, while more recent studies have suggested the proportion to be 40%. Mental disorders are demonstrated in significantly lower intellectual capabilities and significant deviations in the adjustment skills. Many therapy approaches are available and they can have a profound impact on the functioning of a child with an autism disorder. The sooner a specific therapy is started, the more successful it is. One of the more successful therapy approaches is teaching children with an autism disorder to communicate by using PECS – a communication system based on exchanging pictures. Our case study focuses on learning to use PECS and using PECS by a boy with an autism and mental disorder. We have decided to use PECS because it is a widely used method and because there is evidence of its being efficient. We wanted to find out to what extent PECS is suitable for children with autism disorders who also have a moderate mental disorder. The goal of the thesis was to show the use of the PECS method on a child with an autism disorder and a moderate mental disorder and how the PECS method affects undesirable behaviour. Thus, the PECS communication system was used systematically throughout the school year during lessons within the special needs education programme. The results have shown that the boy has made progress in the domain of communication and in the use of supportive, alternative communication system PECS. He communicates his needs and wishes independently using the symbols. He forms sentences using three pictures, including adjectives. Using PECS cards he answers the question “WHAT DO YOU WANT?” and his vocabulary has expanded. As a result of improved communication the boy has become calmer and demonstrates a more suitable behaviour.

• Keywords: autism disorders