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Likovna prvina svetlo-temno v globokem tisku
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Mugerli, Karin
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Frelih, Črtomir
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http://pefprints.pef.uni-lj.si/3228/
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Abstract
Grafika je ena od petih temeljnih področij oblikovanja v likovni umetnosti in predstavlja izredno zanimivo likovno področje. Osnova grafike je risba in motiv, ki ga ta predstavlja. Svetlo-temni kontrasti, ki pri tem nastanejo, še pripomorejo k likovni izraznosti nastalega dela. Za to področje je značilno, da risbo lahko odtiskujemo iz različnih matric. Za tehnike globokega tiska ter ostale grafične tehnike je potrebno kar precej časa, da delo izvedemo. V magistrski nalogi sem raziskovala in analizirala uporabo novih materialov in orodij pri izdelavi grafičnih tehnik globokega tiska. Naloga obsega tri dele, teoretični, praktični in pedagoški del. V teoretičnem poglavju magistrskega dela sem se osredotočila na likovno prvino svetlo-temno, ki je ključni element grafične tehnike globokega tiska in hkrati tudi moje magistrske naloge. To likovno prvino lahko ustvarimo z različnimi likovnimi elementi ter likovnimi spremenljivkami. Med njimi sem izbrala štiri temeljne likovne prvine, ki sem jih uporabila ter predstavila: oblika, svetlo-temno, linija in točka. Med likovnimi spremenljivkami sem uporabila in predstavila teksturo, število in gostoto. Spregovorila sem o modelaciji in njeni povezavi z likovno prvino svetlo-temno. Predstavila sem nekaj tujih in slovenskih znanih grafičnih umetnikov ter njihovih grafičnih del in ugotavljala, kakšne valerske ključe so uporabili na določenem likovnem delu. Izbrala sem naslednje grafične umetnike: Morandi, Picasso, Kovačič, Rembrandt, Borčič. V tem delu sem tudi razložila postopke grafičnih tehnik globokega tiska, s katerimi sem se ukvarjala tudi v drugem delu magistrskega dela. Avtorski del naloge je sestavljen iz dveh delov. V prvem delu sem za izvedbo izbranih tehnik pri svojih delih uporabljala standardne materiale in orodja. Pri različnih tehnikah globokega tiska sem uporabljala izbrane likovne prvine in spremenljivke, ki omogočajo izvedbo prvine svetlo-temno. Svoja dela sem umestila med valerske ključe ter opisala njihovo izrazno vrednost. V drugem delu sem analizirala uporabo novih materialov in orodij, ki sem jih kasneje uporabila pri pedagoškem delu. V pedagoškem delu naloge sem neposredno pri izvedbi učnega procesa ugotavljala in raziskovala nestandardne materiale za izvedbo tehnik globokega tiska. Ta del naloge sem opravljala pri predmetu likovno snovanje III v Osnovni šoli Franceta Bevka Tolmin. Pri izvedbi tehnike v šoli je potrebna dobra organizacija učitelja, dobro izbrana likovna naloga in motiv, pravilen izbor materiala ter opremljenost likovne učilnice. Sama menim, da je najboljša organizacija pouka dobra uvodna motivacija, izvajanje novih tehnik, pozitivna energija učitelja ter medsebojna pomoč med učenci. Zaradi časovne stiske je pomembno tudi, da učitelj predhodno pripravi čimveč materiala ter pripomočkov. Grafične tehnike se v osnovnih šolah zelo malo izvajajo, ker so zahtevne in drage. V magistrskem delu je bil zato moj cilj raziskati in analizirati materiale, ki bi pripomogli k lažji in cenejši izvedbi tehnik globokega tiska. Pri tem sem se osredotočila predvsem na podlago, ki je predstavljala matrico ter orodje za izvedbo risbe. S to analizo bi rada pripomogla k temu, da bi se grafične tehnike v osnovni šoli pogosteje izvajale. Grafične tehnike učencem nudijo veliko tehničnih in ustvarjalnih spodbud. Večina šol grafični tehniki, na žalost, nameni malo materialnih sredstev; cinkove plošče in dodatni materiali za tehnike globokega tiska so namreč precej dragi. V raziskavi sem zato ugotavljala, kako bi lahko cinkovo ploščo nadomestili z različnimi drugimi materiali (pleksi-steklo, plastične folije, crilex, zgoščenke …), ki so lažje dostopni in cenovno ugodnejši. Igle, s katerimi ustvarjamo motiv, sem zamenjala z žeblji in orodjem za linorez, s katerim naj bi bila opremljena vsaka likovna učilnica ter risalno iglo. V raziskavi sem uporabila tako običajne, kot nadomestne materiale in orodja. Končne izdelke iz različnih materialov pa sem nato med seboj primerjala ter analizirala. S pomočjo vprašalnikov sem analizirala izkušnje učencev, ki so jih imeli pri delu z določenim materialom in orodjem ter rezultate pridobila tudi na podlagi nastalih likovnih izdelkov. S pomočjo podatkov, ki sem jih v času pedagoškega dela pridobila, sem ugotavljala, kateri uporabljeni material in orodje je za dano grafično nalogo najprimernejši, najbolj zanimiv, katero orodje in material dela učencem najmanj problemov ter s katerim materialom in orodjem je najlažje ustvarjati. Rezultate sem najprej predstavila za vsako nastalo likovno delo in nato na podlagi skupne analize odgovorila na zastavljena vprašanja.
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Keywords:
grafika
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Organization:
PEF - Faculty of Education
Year:
2015
PID:
20.500.12556/RUL-73694
COBISS.SI-ID:
10808905
Publication date in RUL:
24.11.2015
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2123
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261
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Title:
Light-dark contrast as an artistic element in gravure print
Abstract:
Printmaking one of the five basic area of creation in visual art. It represents an extremely interesting art field. The very base of each printmaking is a drawing and a motive, which is represented by it. Light-dark contrasts which arise help to a greater visual art expression. It's known that the drawing can be printed from different matrixes. It takes quite a lot of time for techniques of intaglio print and other graphic techniques to be carried out. In my master thesis I analysed the use of new materials and tools making printmaking techniques of intaglio printing. My thesis consists of three parts- theoretical, practical and pedagogical part. In my theoretical part I focused on the elements of art light-dark, which is the basic element of printmaking technique and my master’s thesis, too. We can create it with different elements of art and plastic variables, among which I chose four basic elements of art: shape, light-dark, line and pixel and I used them, too. I decided for texture in plastic variables, together with number and density. I also talked about the modelation and its connection with the elements of art- light-dark. I presented some of Slovenian and foreign printmaking artists and their works and I found out what brightness keys were used in separate work. I chose the following graphic artists: Morandi, Picasso, Kovačič, Rembrandt, Borčič. I also explained the process of printmaking techniques of intaglio printing which I dealt with in my second part of my master's thesis. My author part consists of two parts. In the first part I used standard materials and tools. With different techniques of intaglio printing I used different elements of art and plastic variables which enable to carry out the element light- dark. I also placed my work in brightness key and described its expressive value. I analysed the use of new materials and tools which I later used in my pedagogical part, too in the second part of my thesis. In my pedagogical part I directly explored non-standard materials for intaglio printing in learning process. I did it in the primary school Franceta Bevka in Tolmin in elective course art edducation. Carrying out this technique one of the very important things is good organization of the teacher, together with a well selected task and motive, the correct material and the right equipment in the Art classroom. The best is introductory motivation, carrying out the techniques, teacher's positive energy and cooperation and help among students. Teachers don’t often practise printmaking techniques because they’re demanding and expensive. In my thesis I wanted to search for cheap materials which would make this technique more affordable, as far as the give many creative and technical encouragement. The majority of schools don’t give enough financial support to printmaking techniques. Zinc panels and additional material for gravure printing are quite expensive. I wanted to find alternative for those materials perpsex, plastic foils, crilex, CDs..) which are less expensive. The needles which I create the motive were replaced with nails, tools for linocut, which should be in every classroomand engraving pens. I used ordinary and replacing elements and printmaking tools. In the beginning I put down some questions which I tried to answer. I analysed students' experience with questionnaires they had with a certain material and printmaking tool. I also got some results with their works. All the datas helped me to find out which material or tool is the most suitable for the printmaking technique, which is the most interesting and which cause the least problems to students.The results were firstly shown for each work.
Keywords:
graphic arts
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