Spretnost opazovanja cvetočih travniških rastlin pri predšolskih otrocih : diplomsko delo

Trlep, Petra (avtor), Kos, Marjanca (mentor)

Opazovanje je eden temeljnih naravoslovnih postopkov v predšolskem obdobju. Naravni objekti s svojo raznolikostjo ter bogastvom oblik, barv, tipnih dražljajev in vonjav prinašajo otrokom obilo čutnih spodbud, ki vplivajo na razvoj njihovih opazovalnih spretnosti. V diplomskem delu sem se posvetila vprašanju, kako 5–6 let stari otroci opazujejo naravne objekte. To sem raziskovala na primeru opazovanja cvetočih rastlin. Ugotavljala sem, katere so tiste spremenljivke, ki jih otroci zaznavajo kot pomembne v procesu opazovanja in razlikovanja med podobnimi naravnimi objekti. Ugotavljala sem tudi, če v opazovanju rastlin obstajajo razlike med spoloma. V raziskavo je bilo vključenih 61 otrok, 33 dečkov in 28 deklic, starih 5–6 let iz vrtca Trnovo v Ljubljani. Vsak otrok je bil individualno testiran. Postavljen je bil pred nalogo, da izmed 31 cvetočih rastlin, za vsako od 9 testnih rastlin izbere tisto, ki se mu zdi enaka testni (tvori pare). Uspešnost opravljenih nalog v raziskavi sem točkovala. Rezultate sem kvantitativno in kvalitativno obdelala ter jih predstavila v obliki grafov in tabel. Po raziskavi sem otrokom omogočila dejavnosti, ob katerih so otroci imeli možnost napredovati v opazovalnih spretnostih cvetočih rastlin. Rezultati so pokazali, da so 5–6 let stari otroci dobri opazovalci cvetočih travniških rastlin, saj je večina otrok pravilno izbrala pare rastlin. V svojih opazovanjih cvetočih travniških rastlin so otroci nekatere značilnosti rastlin zaznavali kot bolj pomembne, druge kot manj. Analiza zamenjav med rastlinami je pokazala, da je barva tista spremenljivka, ki so ji otroci pri opazovanju dajali največji poudarek. Barvi sta sledili oblika in velikost rastline. Rezultati raziskave pa so tudi pokazali, da pri predšolskih otrocih obstajajo razlike med spoloma pri opazovanju travniških rastlin, deklice so opazovale natančneje kot dečki. Rezultati številnih raziskav kažejo, da se spretnost opazovanja s starostjo razvija in da jo je možno s prakso še izboljšati. Zato naj bi vzgojitelji otrokom že v predšolskem obdobju ponudili veliko priložnosti za opazovanje objektov, ki spodbujajo to spretnost. Med takšne objekte vsekakor spadajo tudi cvetoče rastline.

• Jezik: Slovenski jezik
• Ključne besede: naravoslovni postopki, narava
• Vrsta gradiva: Diplomsko delo/naloga
• Tipologija: 2.11 - Diplomsko delo
• Organizacija: PEF - Pedagoška fakulteta
• Založnik: [P. Trlep]
• Leto izida: 2015
• Št. strani: 45 str.
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-71888
• UDK: 373.2.016:633.2.03(043.2)
• COBISS.SI-ID: 10644297
• Datum objave v RUL: 29.07.2015

Sekundarni jezik

• Jezik: Angleški jezik
• Naslov: The skill of observation of grassland flowering plants in preschool children

Izvleček

Observation is one of the basic natural science procedures in the preschool period. Natural objects provide numerous sensory stimulations, affecting a child’s development of observation skills due to their diversity and variety of shapes, colours, sensory stimuli and scents. In my final thesis, I studied the following question: How do the 5 to 6-year-old children observe natural objects. I was studying it on the example of observing blossoming plants. I was finding out what were the variables that children recognized as important in the process of observing and distinguishing among similar natural objects. Moreover, I was studying if the difference between the two genders existed while observing the plants. There were 61 children included in the study, 33 boys and 28 girls, aged 5 to 6 from Nursery School Trnovo in Ljubljana. Every child was tested individually and was given a task to find a pair to the given 9 test plants, among 31 plants altogether. I marked the answers with points. The results were quantitatively and qualitatively processed and presented in the form of graphs and tables. After the research, I provided activities for children which enabled them to improve their observation skills while observing blossoming plants. The results showed that 5 to 6 year-old children were good observers of blossoming plants, namely the majority of children found the correct pairs. While observing, children noticed some characteristics of plants more important and some characteristics less important. The analysis of the incorrectly chosen plants showed that the colour is the variable that was mostly focused on while observing. The results of the research also show that there exists the difference in gender while observing blossoming plants by preschool children. Namely, girls were observing more carefully than boys. The results of various researches show that observation skills develop with age and they can be improved with practice. That is why nursery school teachers should offer children plenty possibilities to observe objects that improve observation skill already in the preschool period. Blossoming plants are certainly among that objects.

• Ključne besede: a preschool child