Sladkorji v hemolimfi pri čebelah (Apis mellifera carnica) v zimski gruči : diplomsko delo

Rajbar, Anja (author), Božič, Janko (mentor)

V diplomskem delu smo raziskovali koncentracije glukoze, fruktoze in trehaloze v hemolimfi čebel iz zimske gruče. Hemolimfo smo vzorčili pri čebelah iz dveh različnih panjev od 30.12.2013 do 19.2.2014. Tekom raziskave smo ugotovili, da je bila ena od obeh vzorčenih družin okužena z mikrosporidiji Nosema spp., kar je bil glavni vzrok za kasnejši propad celotne družine. Dodatno smo izvedli poskus, kjer smo čebele obeh panjev za 48 ur izpostavili idealnim razmeram v inkubatorju. Za določanje sladkorjev v vzorcih smo uporabili anionsko izmenjevalno tekočinsko kromatografijo visoke ločljivosti s pulzno amperometrično detekcijo (HPAEC-PAD). Ugotovili smo, da je bilo čebele pred vzorčenjem hemolimfe bolj primerno uspavati z ledeno kopeljo kot pa z ogljikovim dioksidom. Naše rezultate smo primerjali z raziskavami koncentracij sladkorjev v hemolimfi čebel spomladi in jeseni ter ugotovili, da imajo zimske čebele nižje nivoje trehaloze. Potrdili smo tudi, da je trehaloza pomemben vir energije za letenje. Nizke koncentracije sladkorjev v hemolimfi zdravih zimskih čebel so posledica neizletavanja ob nizkih zunanjih temperaturah. Pri nosemavih čebelah pa je to posledica zmanjšane absorpcije sladkorjev iz črevesa v hemolimfo. S korelacijsko analizo smo ugotovili povezanost med sladkorji, še posebej močna je bila korelacija med glukozo in fruktozo pri obeh panjih. Pri poskusu z inkubatorjem smo ugotovili, da imajo zdrave in okužene čebele različen metabolizem, čeprav tega nismo potrdili statistično.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: medonosna čebela, glukoza, fruktoza, trehaloza, zimska gruča, tekočinska kromatografija
• Work type: Bachelor thesis/paper
• Typology: 2.11 - Undergraduate Thesis
• Organization: PEF - Faculty of Education
• Publisher: [A. Rajbar]
• Year: 2015
• Number of pages: X, 84 f.
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-70766
• UDC: 595.799:547.455(043.2)
• COBISS.SI-ID: 10550089
• Publication date in RUL: 10.07.2015

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: Hemolymph sugar titers in honeybees (Apis melliefera carnica) from winter cluster

Abstract

In the graduation thesis, we investigated the glucose, fructose and trehalose concentrations in the hemolymph of honeybees from the winter cluster. Hemolymph was sampled from the bees of two different hives from 30.12.2013 to 19.2.2014. During the experiment we have noticed that one of the the two colonies was infected with the microsporidia Nosema spp., which was the main cause for the subsequent death off of the whole colony. Additionally, we performed an experiment where the bees from both hives were exposed to the ideal conditions in the incubator. For the evaluation of the concentrations of sugars in hemolymph samples, the high-performance anion-exchange chromatography with pulsed amperometric detection (HPAEC-PAD) was used. We found that prior the sampling the bees should be narcotized using the ice bath rather than carbon dioxide. Our results were compared with the investigations of the sugar levels on the mature autumn and spring bees and we found out that bees from winter cluster have lower trehalose levels. We also confirmed that trehaloze is an important energy source during flight activity. Low concentrations of the sugar titers in the hemolymph of healthy bees are the consequence of staying in the hive at low outside temperatures. In the bees infected with Nosema spp., this is however the effect of reduced absorption of the sugar from the intestine into the hemolymph. Using the corelation analysis, we established the corelation between sugar titers, especially between glucose and fructose in both hives. In the experiment with the incubator we confirmed different metabolism between healthy and unhealthy bees, although this was not confirmed statistically.