Vpliv montesorijskih materialov za vaje vsakdanjega življenja na otroke javnega vrtca : diplomsko delo

Mazi, Nejka (author), Skribe-Dimec, Darja (mentor)

Diplomsko delo raziskuje vpliv didaktičnih pripomočkov, ki jih je razvila prva zdravnica v Italiji - Maria Montessori na otroke javnega vrtca. Gre za izbrane montesorijske materiale, natančneje, za vaje vsakdanjega življenja. Teoretični del obsega kratko predstavitev njenega življenjepisa. Za takratni čas je imela revolucionarne ideje, bila pa je tudi ena izmed vidnejših predstavnic ženskega spola, ki je v takratnem času s svojim delovanjem vplivala na miselnost sveta, na katerega so imeli vpliv moški. Skozi študij medicine je na podlagi raziskav dela z duševno bolnimi otroki, dveh francoskih zdravnikov Itarda in Seguina ter pozneje s poznavanjem pedagogik Rousseauja, Pestalozzija in Frobla razvila svojo lastno metodo dela z otroki. Zanjo je značilno pripravljeno okolje z vlogo odraslega, ki je minimalna, da lahko otrok nemoteno sam odkriva svoje sposobnosti ob delu z montesorijskimi materiali. Ravno ti didaktični pripomočki zavzemajo posebno mesto pri njeni uspešni metodi. Podrobneje sem opisala materiale za vaje vsakdanjega življenja, saj sem jih uporabljala tudi pri svojem eksperimentu. Montessori pedagogika drugače pristopa k vzgoji otroka kot vzgoja v javnem vrtcu, zato sem v diplomskem delu na kratko izpeljala tudi primerjavo obeh vrtcev. V empiričnem delu sem predstavila svojo raziskavo, kjer sem montesorijske materiale s področja vaj vsakdanjega življenja prenesla v del igralnice javnega vrtca in ugotavljala njihov vpliv na otroke. Želela sem predvsem izvedeti, kako jih bodo otroci sprejeli in ali bo njihov vpliv nanje tako velik, da bodo posledice vidne pri njihovi igri in vedenju. Vse to sem ugotavljala s pomočjo opazovanj med posameznimi tedni, ko so otroci bodisi uporabljali igrače oz. delali z montesorijskimi materiali v za to pripravljenem kotičku Dom. Eksperiment sem sklenila s pomočjo intervjujev vseh štiriindvajsetih otrok. Ugotovila sem, da so otroci montesorijske materiale za vaje vsakdanjega življenja zelo dobro sprejeli, z njimi pridobili kar nekaj spretnosti (zavezovanje, nalivanje z vrčem …), ki so jih uporabili tudi izven vrtca.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: opazovanje, Maria Montessori
• Work type: Bachelor thesis/paper
• Typology: 2.11 - Undergraduate Thesis
• Organization: PEF - Faculty of Education
• Publisher: [N. Mazi]
• Year: 2014
• Number of pages: IX f., 133 str.
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-69185
• UDC: 373.2(043.2)
• COBISS.SI-ID: 10247753
• Publication date in RUL: 10.07.2015

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: Impact of Montessori materials for practical life on children from public kindergarten

Abstract

The diploma thesis explores the impact one type of the Montessori materials, developed by the first doctor in Italy - Maria Montessori, on children of the public kindergarten. Specific Montessori material used in this experiment is Practical Life Exercises. Theoretical part of the thesis comprises a brief presentation of her biography. Maria Montessori had for that time revolutionary ideas and was also one of the prominent females, who had impact on changing the world’s philosophy in which men’s supremacy had dominated. Trough her study of medicine, based on research work with mentally ill children, two French doctors Itard and Seguin, and later with the knowledge of Roussea’s, Pestalozzi’s and Frobel’s pedagogies she developed its own method of working with children. Main characteristic of Montessori Method are prepared environment, special minimal role of adult, allowing the child to become independent, discovering its skills, all with help of the Montessori materials. It is precisely because of these didactic materials, which she developed the method is successful. I used this type of Montessori materials in my experiment, so therefore I described them in details in my work. Montessori pedagogy has a different approach to the child rather the approach of the public kindergarten. Because of that I briefly made a comparison of these two models. In the empirical part, I presented my experiment where I transferred Montessori material from Practical Life Exercises to the children in the public kindergarten, but just in one part of their playground and then observed impact of materials on children. Above all, I wanted to see if the children would like working with materials and weather the influence of it would be so great, that the positive consequences will be seen in the children play and behavior. Each week I was collecting information with the help of the observations, made during four weeks, when children were either using toys or Montessori materials in for that specially prepared playground, called Home. With interviews of the all twenty-four children, I ended my experiment. I have found that the children had well received this type of Montessori materials and also gained some skills like: tying, filling the jug and many others, which they also used outside the kindergarten.