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Družbena želenost in težnja k soglašanju v družboslovnem raziskovanju
ID Uhan, Samo (Author)

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Abstract
Social survey researchers have realized for number of years that various response sets might have considerable influence on expressed opinions. Accordingly, we have to abandon the belief that the instrument is a neutral stimulus which provokes a reaction that has only to be recorded objectively. This holds all the more so when the topic is highly abstract and thus penetrates to the forefront of the respondent's psychic and symbolic structuralization. A phenomenon which is not exclusive to public opinion research is elucidated by Couch and Keniston (Kouch & Keniston 1964) in a study of 'the tendency to acquiesence'. The analysis of survey responses shows this tendency to be a personality variable, that is, a manifestation of the respondent's style and psychic structure. The authors find a high level of a priori congruity of responses irrespective of the content. On the other hand, social desirability is generaly considered to be a major source of response bias in survey research. Given the frequency with which them is mentioned as a cause, explanations of it are suprisingly rare in the literature. Generally speaking, it refers to a tendency to give favourable picture of onself (DeMaio 1985).

Language:Slovenian
Keywords:stališča, javno mnenje, konformnost, družboslovno raziskovanje, metodologija, anketiranje, človekovo vedenje
Work type:Not categorized
Typology:1.01 - Original Scientific Article
Organization:FDV - Faculty of Social Sciences
Publisher:Fakulteta za sociologijo, politične vede in novinarstvo v Ljubljani
Year:1998
Number of pages:Str. 316-325
Numbering:Let. 35, št. 2
PID:20.500.12556/RUL-64556 This link opens in a new window
UDC:316.653
ISSN on article:0040-3598
COBISS.SI-ID:18419805 This link opens in a new window
Publication date in RUL:10.07.2015
Views:1410
Downloads:240
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Record is a part of a journal

Title:Teorija in praksa : revija za družbena vprašanja
Shortened title:Teor. praksa
Publisher:Fakulteta za družbene vede
ISSN:0040-3598
COBISS.SI-ID:763652 This link opens in a new window

Secondary language

Language:Unknown
Abstract:
Novejši pristopi v metodologiji raziskovanja javnega mnenja polemizirajo z idejo o brezhibno obveščenem respondentu z jasnimi in prepoznavnimi preferencami. Rezultati empiričnih preverjanj kažejo, da respondenti niz modalitet (odgovorov) obravnavajo v polju t.i. omejene racionalnosti. To seveda ne pomeni, da respondenti izbirajo odgovore (modalitete) po naključju, temveč da poskušajo zmanjšati kognitivni napor na način poenostavitve procesov odločanja. Pri tem si moramo postaviti vprašanje,kakšne so konsekvence te ugotovitve za teorijo anketiranja, kakor tudi vprašanje o vzrokih za nastanek značilnih učinkov odgovarjanja na anketna vprašanja. Teorija anketiranja loči dva pomembna niza učinkov odgovarjanja na anketna vprašanja: težnjo k strinjanju in težnjo k izražanju socialno želenih odgovorov. Čeprav metodološka literatura pogosto učinkov družbene želenosti odgovorov in težnje k soglašanju ne ločuje eksplicitno, je ločena obravnava obeh fenomenov, ki ju sicer vključujemo v niz kontekstualnih dejavnikov, smiselna. Odločitev za ločeno obravnavo utemeljujemo z vzroki, ki botrujejo nastanku učinkov težnje k soglašanju in družbene želenosti odgovorov. Če so vzroki za nastanek težnje k soglašanju fenotipske osebnostne značilnosti respondentov, pa vzroke za nastanek učinkov družbene želenosti iščemo tako v osebnostnih lastnostih respondentov kot v značilnostih anketnega intervjuja nasploh.


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