Milk production in the post-genomic era

Frajman, Polona (author), Dovč, Peter (author)

Milk plays an important role in human nutrition. Nowadays, dairy industry is oriented in the production of increasing number of different milk products and technological properties of milk are gaining more and more attention. Introduction of recombinant DNA technologz in the early 1970 and development of molecular genetics enabled studies of the organization of milk protein genes and mechanisms involved in their expression. Genome research in farm animals was oriented in production of low-density genetic maps with the emphasis on the genetic variation in some functionally important regions. In the public databases, 1598 cattle genes have already been mapped and partially sequenced by the end of 2003. In addition, numerous quantitative trait loci (QTL) were mapped for economically important traits. Typical examples include milk yield and milk composition in dairy cattle. The availability of genomic DNA sequences for a number of potential candidate genes with an impact on production traits allowed construction of cattle genome microarrays. Functional studies of milk protein genes revealed the impact of different genetic variants on technological properties of milk. Genomics approach thus offers an entirely new way to identify complex interactions among milk protein genes other genes involved in milk production and elucidation of the complex regulatory network allowing efficient milk production in the mammary gland.

• Language: English
• Keywords: milk production, technological properties, lactoproteins, molecular genetics, quantitative trait loci, QTL, genomics, micro array
• Work type: Not categorized
• Typology: 1.02 - Review Article
• Organization: BF - Biotechnical Faculty
• Publisher: Biotehniška fakulteta
• Year: 2004
• Number of pages: Str. 109-119
• Numbering: Letn. 84, št. 2
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-61605
• UDC: 637.1
• ISSN on article: 1581-9175
• COBISS.SI-ID: 1674632
• Publication date in RUL: 10.07.2015

Record is a part of a journal

• Title: Acta agriculturae Slovenica
• Shortened title: Acta agric. Slov.
• Publisher: Biotehniška fakulteta
• ISSN: 1581-9175
• COBISS.SI-ID: 213840640

Secondary language

• Language: Slovenian
• Title: Proizvodnja mleka v post-genomski dobi

Abstract

Sodobna mlekarska industrija se zaradi pomembnosti mleka v človeški prehrani usmerja v proizvodnjo vse večjega števila različnih mlečnih proizvodov, pri čemer v ospredje stopajo tehnološke lastnosti mleka. Uvajanje tehnik rekombinantne DNA v zgodnjih sedemdesetih in razvoj molekularno-genetskih tehnik sta omogočila raziskovanje organizacije mlečnoproteinskih genov ter mehanizmov, ki uravnavajo njihovo izražanje. Določanje nukleotičnega zaporedja celotnih genomov je postalo mogoče z razvojem zmogljivih orodij genomike. Raziskave genomov ekonomsko pomembnih domačih živali so bile usmerjene v proizvodnjo genskih kart z nizko gostoto in s poudarkom na genetskih variabilnosti funkcionalno pomembnih genov. V javno dostopnih podatkovnih zbirkah se je do konca leta 2003 nahajalo 1598 kartiranih in deloma sekvenciranih genov goveda. Kartiranih je bilo tudi mnogo kvantitativnih lokusiv (QTL) za ekonomsko pomembne lastnosti, kot so npr. količina in sestava mleka pri mlečnih pasmah goveda. Dostopnost genomskih zaporedij DNA za številne kandidatne gene z vplivom na proizvodne lastnosti je omogočila konstrukcijo genomskih mikromrež goveda. Funkcionalne študije mlečnoproteinskih genov so pokazale, da genetske variante vplivajo na tehnoloske lastnosti mleka. Genomski pristop ponuja povsem novo pot pri proucevanju zapletenih interakcij med mlečnoproteinskimi geni drugimi geni, ki so vključeni v kompleksno regulacijo učinkovite sinteze mleka v mlečni žlezi.

• Keywords: mleko, prireja, tehnološke lastnosti, lactoproteini, molekularna genetika, kvantitativni locusi, QTL, genomika, mikromreže