The major part of Ljubljana area is situated in the pre-Alpine ecological region with the prevailing forest association Blechno-Fagetum, where beech with admixed chestnut and Sessile oak, seldom fir, spruce, Scots pine, etc., appears in the tree layer. Presented are harmful insects often infesting economically important tree species (Miramella irena, Rhynchaenus fagi, Phyllonorycter maestingella, Pityokteines spinidens, P. curvidens, Cryphalus piceae, Ips typographus, Pityogenes chalcographus) and invasive non-native insect species recently found here (Xylosandrus germanus, Cinara curvipes, Pulvinaria hydrangea, Metcalfa pruinosa, Leptoglossus occidentalis, Orientus ishidae) whose impact on the discussed forests in the future is not yet known.The actual forest vegetation of the area is above all connected with the centuries-long anthropozoogenic influences; thereby the insects as the mostimportant herbivores stand out among animal species.
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