Vpliv vegetacije na vodno bilanco porečja : diplomska naloga

Kozakiv, Dejan (author), Šraj, Mojca (mentor)

Znano je, da imata obseg in vrsta vegetacije vpliv na stanje vodne bilance porečja. S procesom prestrezanja padavin, vegetacija uravnava procese kot sta evapotranspiracija in odtok. Mnoge raziskave kažejo na znatno povečanje odtoka, pretoka in vodnih zalog po sečnji gozdov. To lahko razložimo z manjšo stopnjo izhlapevanja na porečjih, kjer prevladuje trava z nizkim rastlinjem v primerjavi s tistimi, ki so porasla z gozdovi. V želji po boljšem poznavanju odnosa med spremembami vegetacijskega pokrova in vodnimi zalogami je bil razvit Zhangov model. Zhangov model smo v praktičnem delu diplomskega dela preizkusili na 125 hidrometričnih zaledjih na območju Slovenije in z njim ocenili stopnjo evapotranspiracije in odtoka ter ju primerjali s podatki Agencije Republike Slovenije za okolje. V nadaljevanju naloge sta predstavljena prilagojena Zhangova modela, ki sta bila razvita v želji po zmanjšanju odstopanj od merjenih podatkov. Originalni Zhangov model smo prilagodili z uvedbo novih konstant in dopolnili na podlagi ugotovljenih odnosov med letno količino padavin in odstopanji modela. Ob koncu smo prilagojeni model uporabili za ocenjevanje vpliva spremembe vegetacijskega pokrova na vodno bilanco izbranega porečja.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: gradbeništvo, diplomska dela, UNI, VKI, vodna bilanca, vpliv vegetacije, evapotranspiracija, odtok, prestrežene padavine, zaloge vode, modeliranje, Zhangov model, hidrometrično zaledje, porečje, pokrovnost tal
• Work type: Undergraduate thesis
• Typology: 2.11 - Undergraduate Thesis
• Organization: FGG - Faculty of Civil and Geodetic Engineering
• Place of publishing: Ljubljana
• Publisher: [D. Kozakiv]
• Year: 2013
• Number of pages: XII, 113 str., [11] str. pril.
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-32712
• UDC: 556.1:556.51/.52(043.2)
• COBISS.SI-ID: 6305377
• Publication date in RUL: 10.07.2015

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: Influence of vegetation on the water balance of catchments

Abstract

It is a well known fact that amount and type of catchment vegetation will affect its water balance. Through process of precipitation interception, vegetation coverage plays an important role in regulating processes as evapotranspiration and runoff. Many studies have shown significant increase of water surface runoff, discharge and water yield after forest cover was removed. A clear conclusion can be drawn from this: grassed catchments decrease catchment evapotranspiration, while the opposite stands for forested ones. To help determine the exact relations between vegetation cover changes and water yield Zhang's model was developed. In this graduation thesis Zhang model was put to the test to assess evapotranspiration and runoff of 125 hydrometric catchment areas in Slovenia and results were compared against national meteorological agency data. Following, two additional extensions of Zhang model were developed to decrease deviations of model from measured data: first one based on determination of new constants, and second one on relationship between annual amount of precipitation and deviations of the model. In the final part of this work, adapted model is used to assess impact of vegetation cover changes on catchment water balance of hydrometric catchment area of choice.

• Keywords: graduation thesis, civil engineering, water balance, influence of vegetation, evapotranspiration, runoff, precipitation interception, water yield, modelling, Zhang model, hydrometric catchment area, catchment, land cover