Podpiranje objektov, poškodovanih med potresom : diplomska naloga

Mihelj, Borut (author), Šelih, Jana (mentor), Kušar, Matej (co-mentor)

Slovenija je potresno ogrožena država, ki jo ogrožajo potresi do VII. stopnje po lestvici EMS. V primeru večjega potresa morajo službe za zaščito in reševanje v čim krajšem času in največji možni meri normalizirati stanje. Poleg številnih drugih ukrepov je pomembno, da se čim večjemu številu objektov vsaj začasno vrne funkcionalnost. Tu odigra pomembno vlogo začasno podpiranje objektov. Tistim objektom, ki niso prehudo poškodovani, se lahko povrne uporabnost do končne sanacije. Ostalim, ki so prehudo poškodovani, pa prepreči nenadzorovano porušitev in ogrožanje. Italijanski sistem podpiranja je bil že večkrat uspešno preverjen in bil uporabljen tudi ob zadnjem velikem potresu v italijanski pokrajini Abruzzo. Sistem ponuja uniformno pripravljene rešitve za preprečevanje različnih porušitvenih mehanizmov, ki so tudi računsko dimenzionirane in preverjene. Pripravljene so v obliki tabel, s katerimi po enostavnem postopku določimo primerno in zanesljivo rešitev. Načrtovalcem ponuja enostavno orodje za načrtovanje in s tem močno poenostavi nabavo materiala za izvedbo, saj uporablja zelo ozek nabor različnega materiala. Izvajalcem pa ponuja jasna navodila z vsemi detajli za izvedbo podpor na terenu. Pravilna uporaba takšnega sistema zagotavlja, da bo podprta konstrukcija »preživela« popotresne sunke, ki ne bodo večji od glavnega. Za čim boljšo uporabo oz. izvajanje na terenu je pomembna tudi organizacija in način vodenja. Italijanski model vodenja v primeru potresa predvideva poseben oddelek, ki je podrejen glavnemu štabu in skrbi za projektiranje podpor ter svetovanje pri izvedbi. Za dobavo materiala pa so na posameznih območjih organizirani oskrbovalni centri, ki skupine na terenu zalagajo z materialom ter orodjem. Vpeljava tega sistema podpiranja v naš sistem zaščite ter reševanja bi pripomogla k večji učinkovitosti služb za zaščito ter reševanje. Intervencijsko podpiranje pa bi bilo izvedeno hitreje in bolj zanesljivo.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: gradbeništvo, diplomska naloga, VSŠ, OG-MO, potres, poškodovane stavbe, zaščita in reševanje, začasno podpiranje, leseni podporniki, priročnik, navodila
• Work type: Bachelor thesis/paper
• Typology: 2.11 - Undergraduate Thesis
• Organization: FGG - Faculty of Civil and Geodetic Engineering
• Place of publishing: Ljubljana
• Publisher: [B. Mihelj]
• Year: 2015
• Number of pages: XII, 40 str., 3 pril.
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-32528
• UDC: 699.8:550.34(043.2)
• COBISS.SI-ID: 6949217
• Publication date in RUL: 10.07.2015

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: Supporting objects damaged in an earthquake

Abstract

Slovenia is seismically vulnerable country threatened by the earthquakes up to to VII. grade on the EMS scale. In case of a major earthquake occurs, departments for rescue and protection have to normalise the situation as soon as possible. In addition to other measures, it is important that the largest possible number of objects become functional as soon as possible. Temporary support of the damaged structures is the first activity that ensures their stability. The buildings without major structural damage, if temporarily supported, re-gain their functionality immediately after the support is carried out. Temporary support also ensures that the severely damaged buildings do not collapse in uncontrolled manner that may pose severe risks to human lives. The Italian system of support has been repeatedly successfully tested and was also used during the last big earthquake in the Italian region of Abruzzo. The system provides uniform, ready-to-use solutions for the prevention of various collapse mechanisms, that are also mathematically justified and verified. They are prepared in the form of tables and offer simple procedures to obtain appropriate and reliable solutions. These solutions offer a simple planning tool that greatly simplifies the purchase of materials for the refurbishment, because a very narrow range of different materials is used. It offers clear instructions to contractors, with all the details for the implementation of support on the site. Appropriate use of such system ensures that supported objects "survive" earthquake aftershocks. Organisation and management are also important, in addition to the on-site optimisation of the implementation. In the event of an earthquake, the Italian management model foresees a special department directly subordinated to the main headquarters, responsible for the support design and for the consulting during refurbishment. Further, centers supplying the materials are organized on-site in order to provide raw materials and tools. The introduction of the described support system within Slovenian system of protection and rescue services would could increase the effectiveness of the services described, and intervention support would be carried out faster and more reliably.

• Keywords: earthquake, damaged buildings, rescue and protection, temporary support, wood piles, guide, instruction manual