Turbinski regulator za male hidroelektrarne

BERGOČ, PRIMOŽ (author), Zupančič, Borut (mentor)

V pričujočem delu je predstavljen razvoj turbinskega regulatorja za male hidroelektrarne s sinhronskim generatorjem. Turbinski regulator je pomemben člen vsakega hidro agregata, saj je njegova naloga vzdrževati turbino v želeni delovni točki glede na izbran režim obratovanja z reguliranjem odprtja izvršnih členov. Izvršni členi so lahko vodilnik, gonilnik ali iglasti ventil in odrezač, odvisno od vrste turbine. Algoritem turbinskega regulatorja smo izvedli na programirljivem logičnem krmilniku, ki vsebuje naslednje regulatorje: regulator obratov v prostem teku, regulator nivoja zajetja, regulator po delovni moči, regulator odprtja in regulator frekvence. Zadnji štirje regulatorji se uporabljajo, ko je agregat priključen na električno omrežje, regulator frekvence pa se uporablja v primeru otočnega obratovanja elektrarne. Za potrebe testiranja turbinskega regulatorja smo razvili matematični model hidroelektrarne na osebnem računalniku, ki ga sestavlja model zajetja, model tlačnega cevovoda z upoštevanjem vodnega udara, model turbine z vztrajnostnim momentom agregata, model proporcionalnih hidravličnih ventilov in servomotorjev ter poenostavljeni model sinhronskega generatorja. Turbinski regulator in matematični model si med seboj izmenjujeta podatke preko mrežne povezave in uporabe S7 protokola. Matematični model se je izkazal za odličen pripomoček za razvoj algoritmov turbinskega regulatorja, saj smo z njim izdelali in testirali vse zgoraj navedene regulatorje.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: turbinski regulator, turbina Pelton, modeliranje hidroelektrarne, vodni udar
• Work type: Master's thesis
• Organization: FE - Faculty of Electrical Engineering
• Year: 2015
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-30736
• Publication date in RUL: 04.05.2015

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: Turbine controller for small hydro power plants

Abstract

The thesis deals with turbine controller for small hydro power plants with synchronous generator. Turbine controller maintains the set point which depends on selected mode of hydro machine operation. To achieve this it controls opening of governor, runner blades or needles and deflector, depending on turbine type. Turbine controller algorithm was implemented on programmable logic controller and consists of the following parts: speed controller which acts during the free run, level controller, load controller, opening controller and frequency controller when the hydro machine is connected on the electric grid. The frequency controller is used when the power plant is connected to islanded electric grid. For turbine controller design a mathematical model of hydropower plant was developed. It consists of five sub-models: the model of upper reservoir, the penstock model including the water hammer effect, the turbine model, the model of hydraulic solenoid valves and servomotors and the simplified model of synchronous generator. Data communication between model and turbine controller is realized with Ethernet connection using S7 protocol. Using the model the control algorithms were designed and tested.

• Keywords: turbine controller, Pelton turbine, hydro power plant modelling, water hammer