Dendrochronological dating of two violins from private collections in Slovenia

Čufar, Katarina (avtor), Beuting, Micha (avtor), Grabner, Michael (avtor)

Dendrochronological analyses were made in two violins from private collectionsin Slovenia with an aim to date the wood of their resonance boards,to assess the time of their fabrication, to define the provenance of the wood, and to establish whether the labels of the instruments were original. The origin, the history and the exact age of the instruments had previously not been known. Tree-ring measurements were done on the surface of the bellies. In violin 1, it was made of one radial board, in violin 2 of two radial boards of Norway spruce (Picea abies). In violin 1, we measured 248 tree-rings and the year of the youngest ring was 1808. The dating was confirmed with more than 20 tree-ring chronologies from Austria, Germany, and Italy. The maximal value of the cross-dating parameter t-value after Hollstein(TH) was 12.4. In violin 2, we measured 141 and 137 tree-rings on each side of the belly, and the year of the youngest ring was 1640. The dating was also obtained by cross-dating with over 20 chronologies and confirmed with statistically significant TH up to 9.2. The year of the last ring in both cases corresponded with the terminus post quem, which indicated that the belly (instrument) was fabricated after the year of formation of the youngest ring. There is no evidence about the duration of seasoning and storage of the lumber, or how many tree-rings were removed when the instrumentwas manufactured. Our dendro-provenance study showed that the violin 1 most likely originated from Austria or southern Germany. The wood for the belly of the violin 2 possibly originated from Austria and the sequence significantly matched a chronology built from the instruments made by Jacob Stainer. In both instruments, the dendrochronological dating did not confirm the inscriptions on the labels on the inside of the instrument. The presented investigation was performed in 2008 and 2009 and is to our knowledge the first dendrochronological dating of music instruments in Slovenia.

• Jezik: Angleški jezik
• Ključne besede: violin, dendrochronology, tree-rings, dating, dendro-provenancing, Norway spruce, Picea abies
• Vrsta gradiva: Znanstveno delo
• Tipologija: 1.01 - Izvirni znanstveni članek
• Organizacija: BF - Biotehniška fakulteta
• Status publikacije: Objavljeno
• Različica publikacije: Objavljena publikacija
• Leto izida: 2010
• Št. strani: Str. 75-84
• Številčenje: Št. 91
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-28761
• UDK: 630*56(045)=111
• ISSN pri članku: 0351-3114
• COBISS.SI-ID: 3002278
• Datum objave v RUL: 11.07.2014

Gradivo je del revije

• Naslov: Zbornik gozdarstva in lesarstva. forest and wood science & technology
• Skrajšan naslov: Zb. gozd. lesar.
• Založnik: Gozdarski inštitut Slovenije, Biotehniška fakulteta, Oddelek za gozdarstvo in obnovljive gozdne vire, Biotehniška fakulteta, Oddelek za lesarstvo
• ISSN: 0351-3114
• COBISS.SI-ID: 6206978

Sekundarni jezik

• Jezik: Slovenski jezik
• Naslov: Dendrokronološko datiranje dveh violin iz zasebnih zbirk v Sloveniji

Izvleček

Opravili smo dendrokronološko analizo dveh violin iz zasebnih zbirk v Sloveniji. Cilj naloge je bil datirati branike na resonančnih deskah, ugotoviti, kdaj sta bili violini izdelani, od kod je izviral les in ugotoviti,ali so etikete na instrumentih originalne. Izvor, zgodovina in natančna starost inštrumentov niso bili znani. Meritve širin branik so bile opravljene na pokrovih (resonančnih ploščah) obeh violin. Pokrov je bil pri violini 1 narejen iz ene in pri violini 2 iz dveh radialnih desk smreke (Piceaabies). Na violini 1 smo izmerili 248 branik, najmlajša branika pa je nastala v letu 1808. Datiranje je bilo opravljeno z več kot 20 kronologijami širin branik smreke iz Avstrije, Nemčije in Italije. Najvišja t-vrednost po Hollsteinu (TH) je znašala 12,4. Pri violini 2 smo izmerili 141 oz. 137 branik, in to ločeno na vsaki strani pokrova. Datum najmlajše branike je bil 1640. Tudi ta datum smo ugotovili s sinhroniziranjem z več kot 20 kronologijami in ga potrdili s statistično značilnimi vrednostmi TH do 9,2. Leto zadnje branike v obeh primerih ponazarja terminus post quem, kar pomeni,da je bil pokrov (in najverjetneje tudi instrument) izdelan po danem letu. Ne vemo, kako dolgo so sušili in skladiščili les, preden so inštrumenta izdelali, niti koliko zunanjih branik (gledano v drevesu) so odstranili pri obdelavi. Študija je pokazala, da les za pokrov violine 1 najverjetneje izviraiz Avstrije ali južne Nemčije, les violine 2 pa najverjetneje iz Avstrije, saj se je zaporedje širin branik najbolje ujemalo s kronologijo instrumentov, ki jih je izdelal Jacob Stainer. Pri nobenem od inštrumentov datiranje ni potrdilo napisov na etiketah v notranjosti inštrumenta. Raziskavista bili opravljeni v letih 2008 in 2009 in sta po nam znanih podatkih prvi dendrokronološki datiranji glasbenih inštrumentov v Sloveniji.

• Ključne besede: violina, dendrokronologija, širine branik, datiranje, dendro-provenienca, smreka, Picea abies