Obvladovanje na meticilin rezistentnih sevov bakterije Staphylococcus aureus v domovih starejših občanov : diplomsko delo

Slabe, Jure (author), Zore, Anamarija (mentor), Pajnič, Manca (reviewer)

Uvod: Staphylococcus aureus je bakterija, ki jo najdemo na in v človeškem telesu, načeloma ni patogena, v določenih situacijah pa je sposobna povzročanja bolezni. Uspešno se prilagaja na različne spremembe v okolju. Kolonizira kožo, kožne žleze in sluznice, kar lahko povzroča okužbe pri ljudeh in živalih v obliki izpuščajev, vnetij kosti in možganskih ovojnic ter v napredovanju okužbe, septikemijo. Obvladovanje MRSA v domovih za starejše občane je velik izziv, čeprav smo priča napredku na področju higiene, pravil o preprečevanju in obvladovanju MRSA in morebitnega zdravljenja. Namen diplomskega dela je analizirati prakse obvladovanja MRSA v različnih domovih za starejše v Sloveniji. Ugotoviti stopnjo poznavanja problematike med zdravstvenimi delavci in različne pristope pri spopadanju z preprečevanjem in obvladovanjem okužb z MRSA. Metode dela: Pri naši raziskavi smo vključili kvantitativni in kvalitativni pristop z anketiranjem 106 zdravstvenih delavcev iz šestih različnih domov. Anketa vsebuje 24 vprašanj, ki ocenjujejo ozaveščenost, znanje, prakse in izzive pri obvladovanju MRSA. Rezultati: Rezultati so pokazali, da je ozaveščenost zdravstvenega osebja o MRSA povprečna (65 %), pri čemer so najbolj ozaveščene diplomirane medicinske sestre. Večina zdravstvenih delavcev meni, da potrebujejo več izobraževanj na temo MRSA. V domovih za starejše običajno izvajajo izolacijo okuženih stanovalcev v enoposteljnih sobah in dajejo velik poudarek higieni rok kot pomembnemu preventivnemu ukrepu. Glavni izzivi vključujejo izolacijo okuženih, dosledno spoštovanje higienskih standardov in sodelovanje s svojci. Razprava in zaključek: Rezultati raziskave niso pokazali jasne povezave med višjo ozaveščenostjo in manjšim številom okužb, kar kaže na potrebo po večplastnem pristopu. Z anketami smo dobili več zanimivih rezultatov, vključno s tem, da je zdravstvene delavce pogosto še vedno strah MRSA. Z raziskavo smo dobili vpogled, s kakšnimi izzivi se soočajo posamezni domovi za starejše. Spodbudno je, da so zaposleni izrazili željo po bolj pogostih in ciljnih izobraževanjih o MRSA. Priporočila za domove za starejše vključujejo povečanje števila izobraževalnih programov, izboljšanje higienskih protokolov in boljše sodelovanje s svojci. Dom za starejše 1 se je izkazal kot primer dobre prakse, saj dosega, kljub velikemu številu stanovalcev, najboljše rezultate pri obvladovanju MRSA zaradi visoke ozaveščenosti in učinkovitega pristopa pri reševanju težav.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: diplomska dela, zdravstvena nega, MRSA, domovi za starejše, higiena, izolacija, izobraževanje
• Work type: Bachelor thesis/paper
• Typology: 2.11 - Undergraduate Thesis
• Organization: ZF - Faculty of Health Sciences
• Place of publishing: Ljubljana
• Publisher: [J. Slabe]
• Year: 2024
• Number of pages: 30 str., [11] str. pril.
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-165276
• UDC: 616-083
• COBISS.SI-ID: 216964355
• Publication date in RUL: 29.11.2024

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: Management of methicillin resistant strains of bacteria Staphylococcus aureus in homes for elderly : diploma work

Abstract

Introduction: Staphylococcus aureus is a bacterium found on and in the human body. While it is generally non-pathogenic, under certain circumstances, it can cause diseases. It successfully adapts to various environmental changes. It colonizes the skin, skin glands, and mucous membranes, potentially causing infections in humans and animals, such as rashes, bone inflammations, meningitis, and, in the progression of infection, septicemia. Managing MRSA in nursing homes poses a significant challenge, despite advancements in hygiene, rules for the prevention and control of MRSA, and possible treatments. The purpose: of this diploma work is to analyze MRSA control practices in various nursing homes in Slovenia, to determine the level of awareness among healthcare workers, and to examine different approaches to preventing and managing MRSA infections. Methods: In our study, we employed both quantitative and qualitative approaches, surveying 106 healthcare workers from six different nursing homes. The survey consists of 24 questions that assess awareness, knowledge, practices, and challenges in MRSA control. Results: The results showed that the awareness of healthcare staff regarding MRSA is average (65 %), with registered nurses being the most informed. The majority of healthcare workers believe that more training on MRSA is needed. Nursing homes typically isolate infected residents in single rooms and place a strong emphasis on hand hygiene as a key preventive measure. The main challenges include isolating infected residents, consistently adhering to hygiene standards, and collaborating with family members. Discussion and Conclusion: The results did not show a clear link between higher awareness and a lower number of infections, indicating the need for a multi-layered approach. The surveys provided several interesting insights, including that healthcare workers often still fear MRSA. The study gave us an understanding of the challenges faced by individual nursing homes. It is encouraging that employees expressed a desire for more frequent and targeted training on MRSA. Recommendations for nursing homes include increasing the number of educational programs, improving hygiene protocols, and enhancing cooperation with family members. Nursing home 1 stood out as an example of good practice, as it achieves the best results in controlling MRSA, despite having a large number of residents, due to high awareness and an effective problem-solving approach.

• Keywords: diploma theses, nursing care, MRSA, nursing homes, hygiene, isolation, education