Delo in delovni pogoji reševalcev iz vode

Lukman, Hana (author), Šajber, Dorica (mentor)

Namen magistrskega dela je bil ugotoviti, kakšni so pogoji dela reševalcev iz vode, v kolikšni meri odstopajo od zapisanega v pravilnikih, ter iz dobljenih podatkov sklepati, kakšna je dejanska varnost slovenskih bazenskih kopališč. Naši cilji so bili raziskati, katere primarne naloge opravljajo reševalci iz vode in na kakšen način zagotavljajo aktivno varnost kopalcev ter tudi kakšne dodatne naloge opravljajo reševalci iz vode v delovnem času in ali ob opravljanju teh nalog lahko nemoteno zagotavljajo aktivno varnost na bazenu. Poleg tega smo želeli ugotoviti, ali so mesta opazovanja za reševalce iz vode postavljena v skladu s pravilnikom, kako na kopališčih uporabljajo videonadzor ter v kolikšni meri so reševalci iz vode zadovoljni s trenutnim sistemom usposabljanja. Raziskavo smo izvedli s pomočjo nestandardiziranega anketnega vprašalnika v papirnati obliki, posamezne podatke smo nato prenesli v Excel tabele, nakar smo podatke šifrirali in analizirali v statističnem programu IBM SPSS Statistics (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences). Anketiranje smo izvajali pred praktičnimi preizkusi za obnovo licence reševalcev iz vode na bazenu Fakultete za šport v Ljubljani, na Olimpijskem bazenu Žusterna v Kopru in z osebnim pristopom do reševalcev iz vode na različnih slovenskih kopališčih. Rezultate smo pridobili med 22. 4. 2023 in 3. 10. 2023. Sodelovalo je 70 reševalcev iz vode, ki so zaposleni na bazenskih kopališčih v Sloveniji. Ugotovljeno je bilo, da je 59 % reševalcev že menjalo delodajalca, predvsem zaradi boljših delovnih pogojev in višje plače. Ugotovljeno je bilo tudi, da nekateri reševalci v poletnih mesecih presegajo dovoljeno število delovnih ur, kar lahko negativno vpliva na varnost kopalcev. Poleg tega reševalci pogosto opravljajo dodatne naloge, ki prav tako lahko zmanjšajo njihovo učinkovitost pri nadzoru. Ugotovljene so bile tudi posamezne nedoslednosti glede postavitve opazovalnih mest, zagotavljanja radijske ali telefonske zveze ter uporabe video nadzora. Ugotovljena pogosta uporaba osebnih telefonov in računalnikov med delom lahko prav tako predstavlja tveganje za varnost kopalcev. Reševalci so v večji meri zadovoljni s sistemom usposabljanja, vendar je polovica vprašanih predlagala spremembe pri usposabljanju iz prve pomoči.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: reševalec iz vode, delovni pogoji, varnost, bazenska kopališča
• Work type: Master's thesis/paper
• Organization: FŠ - Faculty of Sport
• Year: 2024
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-165134
• Publication date in RUL: 24.11.2024

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: Work and work conditions of lifeguards

Abstract

The purpose of this master’s thesis was to determine the working conditions of lifeguards, the extent to which these conditions deviate from the standards set out in regulations, and to infer the actual safety levels at Slovenian swimming pools based on the obtained data. Our goals included investigating the primary duties of lifeguards, how they ensure active safety for swimmers, the additional tasks lifeguards undertake during their shifts, and whether these tasks allow them to maintain uninterrupted active safety at the pool. Additionally, we aimed to assess whether observation stations for lifeguards are set up according to regulations, how video surveillance is utilized at the facilities, and to what extent lifeguards are satisfied with the current training system. We conducted the research using a non-standardized paper-based survey. Individual data points were subsequently transferred to Excel tables, encrypted, and analysed in the statistical program IBM SPSS Statistics (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences). Surveys were conducted before practical license renewal tests for lifeguards at the pool of the Faculty of Sport in Ljubljana, the Olympic Pool Žusterna in Koper, and through personal outreach to lifeguards at various Slovenian swimming facilities. Data collection took place between April 22nd and October 3rd 2023, with the participation of 70 lifeguards employed at swimming pools in Slovenia. It was found that 59 % of lifeguards had already changed employers, primarily in search of better working conditions and higher pay. It was also revealed that some lifeguards exceed the permitted number of working hours during the summer months, which can negatively impact swimmer safety. Furthermore, lifeguards frequently perform additional tasks that may reduce their efficiency in monitoring. Specific inconsistencies were also identified regarding the placement of observation points, provision of radio or telephone communication, and the use of video surveillance. The frequent use of personal phones and computers during work was also found to pose a potential risk to swimmer safety. While lifeguards are generally satisfied with the training system, half of the respondents suggested changes to first aid training.

• Keywords: lifeguard, work conditions, safety, swimming pool