Vpliv življenjskega sloga na preprečevanje in zdravljenje srčnega popuščanja : diplomsko delo

Halavać, Muamer (author), Thaler, Darja (mentor), Kranjc, Andrej (comentor), Gogova, Tina (reviewer)

Uvod: Srčno popuščanje je resno zdravstveno stanje, pri katerem srce ne more učinkovito črpati krvi po telesu, kar vodi do zmanjšane oskrbe organov s kisikom in hranili. Ta sindrom lahko povzročijo različne strukturne ali funkcionalne nepravilnosti srca, kot so okvare srčnih zaklopk, miokardni infarkt ali hipertenzija. Glavni simptomi vključujejo težko dihanje, utrujenost in otekanje nog. Srčno popuščanje je pogosto pri starejši populaciji in predstavlja velik javnozdravstveni izziv. Zdravljenje obsega zdravila, spremembe življenjskega sloga in v nekaterih primerih kirurške posege. Poudarek na samooskrbi in rednem spremljanju zdravstvenega stanja lahko pomembno prispeva k obvladovanju te bolezni. Namen: Namen je proučiti vpliv življenjskega sloga na preprečevanje in zdravljenje srčnega popuščanja ter identificirati dejavnike življenjskega sloga, ki imajo največji vpliv na zdravje srca. Metode dela: Uporabili smo narativen pregled znanstvene in strokovne literature o vlogi življenjskega sloga pri preprečevanju in zdravljenju srčnega popuščanja. Literaturo smo iskali s pomočjo podatkovnih baz MedLine/Pubmed, CINAHL, COBIB in s pomočjo iskalnika Google učenjak. V analizo smo vključili literaturo ki je bila objavljena v letih 2014–2024, in sicer v slovenskem in angleškem jeziku. Vključili smo ustrezno literaturo iz referenčnih seznamov. Rezultati: Akutno poslabšanje srčnega popuščanja je glavni vzrok za hospitalizacijo, kar poudarja potrebo po zgodnjem prepoznavanju simptomov in hitrem dostopu do zdravstvene oskrbe. Izobraževanje pacientov o zgodnjih znakih poslabšanja in ustreznih ukrepih je ključnega pomena za preprečevanje hospitalizacije. Zdrava prehrana in redna telesna aktivnost zmanjšujeta tveganje za srčno popuščanje in izboljšujeta splošno stanje pacientov. Tesnoba in depresija lahko negativno vplivata na paciente s srčnim popuščanjem, zato je pomembno celostno pristopiti k njihovemu zdravljenju. Razprava in zaključek: Za uspešno obvladovanje srčnega popuščanja je ključno, da pacienti dosledno upoštevajo navodila zdravnika, prilagodijo svoj življenjski slog z zdravo prehrano, redno telesno aktivnostjo in obvladovanjem stresa. V zaključku lahko rečemo, da je srčno popuščanje resna bolezen, ki zahteva celovit pristop k zdravljenju in obvladovanju. S pravilno terapijo, prilagoditvami življenjskega sloga in aktivnim sodelovanjem pacientov v procesu zdravljenja je mogoče znatno izboljšati izide in zmanjšati obremenitev, ki jo ta bolezen predstavlja za posameznike in zdravstveni sistem.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: diplomska dela, zdravstvena nega, srčno popuščanje, zdrav življenjski slog, prehrana, telesna aktivnost, zdravstvenovzgojno delo
• Work type: Bachelor thesis/paper
• Typology: 2.11 - Undergraduate Thesis
• Organization: ZF - Faculty of Health Sciences
• Place of publishing: Ljubljana
• Publisher: [M. Halavać]
• Year: 2024
• Number of pages: 27 str.
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-164570
• UDC: 616-083
• COBISS.SI-ID: 213523459
• Publication date in RUL: 31.10.2024

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: The influence of lifestyle on prevention and treatment of heart failure : diploma work

Abstract

Introduction: Heart failure is a serious medical condition in which the heart is unable to pump blood effectively throughout the body, leading to reduced oxygen and nutrient supply to organs. This syndrome can be caused by various structural or functional abnormalities of the heart, such as valve defects, myocardial infarction, or hypertension. The main symptoms include shortness of breath, fatigue, and leg swelling. Heart failure is common in the elderly population and represents a significant public health challenge. Treatment includes medications, lifestyle changes, and in some cases, surgical interventions. Emphasis on self-care and regular health monitoring can significantly contribute to managing the disease. Purpose: The aim is to examine the impact of lifestyle on the prevention and treatment of heart failure and to identify lifestyle factors that have the greatest influence on heart health. Methods: A narrative review was conducted, focusing on scientific and professional literature on the role of lifestyle in the prevention and treatment of heart failure. Literature was searched using databases such as MedLine/PubMed, CINAHL, COBIB, and the Google Scholar search engine. The analysis included literature published between 2014 and 2024, in both Slovenian and English. Relevant literature from reference lists was also included. Results: Acute exacerbation of heart failure is the main cause of hospitalization, emphasizing the need for early symptom recognition and quick access to medical care. Educating patients about early signs of worsening and appropriate measures is crucial to preventing hospitalization. A healthy diet and regular physical activity reduce the risk of heart failure and improve patients' overall condition. Anxiety and depression can negatively affect patients with heart failure, making a holistic approach to their treatment important. Discussion and conclusion: Successful management of heart failure requires patients to consistently follow medical advice, adjust their lifestyle with healthy eating, regular physical activity, and stress management. In conclusion, heart failure is a serious condition that requires a comprehensive approach to treatment and management. With proper therapy, lifestyle adjustments, and active patient participation in the treatment process, outcomes can be significantly improved, and the burden this disease places on individuals and the healthcare system can be reduced.

• Keywords: diploma theses, nursing care, heart failure, healthy lifestyle, diet, physical activity, health education