Predictive maintenance is a key area in Industry 4.0, enabling timely detection of potential failures and reducing maintenance costs. The purpose of this master's thesis is to explore the use of machine learning methods for anomaly detection and prediction of the remaining useful life of robotic systems. To this end, we developed a dynamic model of a robot, which allows for the simulation of movements and the generation of synthetic data by varying parameters such as friction. These data were used to test and compare different machine learning algorithms for detecting deviations from normal operation.
In the research, we tested three different machine learning methods: Isolation Forest, Autoencoder, and One-Class Support Vector Machine. The models were evaluated based on their ability to detect anomalies and distinguish between normal and abnormal data. Based on these comparisons, we found that the One-Class Support Vector Machine method produced the best results, providing a high level of accuracy and reliability in detecting deviations.
Additionally, we used the results of this method to develop a linear regression model that predicts the remaining useful life of robotic systems. Using a health indicator that considers the average difference between normal and deviating data, as well as the proportion of values exceeding a certain threshold, we were able to predict when the robot would reach a critical state, allowing for timely intervention.
In the simulation environment, we demonstrated that predictive maintenance supported by machine learning methods contributes to the reliability and extended lifespan of robotic systems. Methods based on simulated data are flexible for use in real-world environments without the need for extensive historical data. In real-world applications, the training would begin with data from a new robot, and additional parameters such as vibrations or temperature changes could be included. Our approach offers adaptability, reduces the risk of sudden failures, and optimizes maintenance processes, which is crucial for Industry 4.0.
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