Rekonstrukcija tehnološke poti izdelave negovske čelade iz Podzemlja : magistrsko delo

Cvek, Žiga (author), Fajfar, Peter (mentor), Šetina, Barbara (comentor)

Predstavljena je rekonstrukcija tehnološke poti izdelave bronaste čelade iz pozne železne dobe. Bronasta čelada je bila najdena v kraju Podzemelj v Beli Krajini ter spada med eno najpomembnejših najdb na Slovenskem zadnjih let. Original čelade se nahaja na stalni razstavi v Belokranjskem muzeju v Metliki. Karakterizacija čelade je bila izdelana v sklopu magistrske naloge Jereba Žerjava. Tako smo, pred rekonstrukcijo, že poznali kemijsko sestavo kovinske osnove čelade ter nastalih korozijskih produktov in mikrostrukturo čelade. Namen magistrskega dela je bila določitev tehnološke poti izdelave čelade. Določitev tehnološke poti nam je omogočila tudi vpogled v sposobnost in naprednost takratnega obrtnika, ki je izdelal najdeno čelado. Na podlagi faktorja oblike deformiranih sulfidnih vključkov smo določili stopnjo deformacije, ki je bila potrebna za izdelavo čelade. Iz rezultata izračunane stopnje deformacije ter poznavanjem debeline stene čelade in mase le-te smo lahko določili mere surovca, iz katerega je bila čelada izdelana. Po različnih programih predelave in mehčanja smo opravili simulacijo izdelave čelade. Za simulacijo smo določili vhodno stanje materiala. S pomočjo dvostopenjskega preizkušanja materiala smo določili temperaturo in minimalen čas za rekristalizacijo. Mikrostrukturo simuliranih vzorcev smo primerjali z mikrostrukturo čelade. Pri tem smo v vzorcih, ki so bili po deformaciji v žarjenem stanju, dosegli mikrostrukturo vzorca čelade. Kristalna zrna so bila večja od izvornega vzorca. Velikosti kristalnih zrn smo se najbolj približali pri vzorcu začetne debeline 4 mm.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: arheometalurgija, kositrov bron, negovska čelada, določanje stopnje deformacije, preoblikovanje
• Work type: Master's thesis/paper
• Typology: 2.09 - Master's Thesis
• Organization: NTF - Faculty of Natural Sciences and Engineering
• Place of publishing: Ljubljana
• Publisher: Ž. Cvek
• Year: 2024
• Number of pages: XVIII, 64 str.
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-164148
• UDC: 669
• COBISS.SI-ID: 212700163
• Publication date in RUL: 17.10.2024

CVEK, Žiga, 2024, Rekonstrukcija tehnološke poti izdelave negovske čelade iz Podzemlja : magistrsko delo [online]. Master’s thesis. Ljubljana : Ž. Cvek. [Accessed 5 April 2025]. Retrieved from: https://repozitorij.uni-lj.si/IzpisGradiva.php?lang=eng&id=164148

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: Reconstruction of technological path of production of Negova helmet from Podzemelj : master's thesis

Abstract

A reconstruction of the technological process for producing a bronze helmet from the late Iron Age is presented. Found in Podzemelj, Bela Krajina, the helmet is one of Slovenia's most significant recent discoveries and is displayed at the Belokranjski Museum in Metlika. The helmet's characterization, part of Jereb Žerjav’s master's thesis, provided insights into its chemical composition, corrosion products, and microstructure before reconstruction. The aim of the master's work was to determine the technological process for the production of the helmet. The determination of the technological process allowed insight into the skills and advancement of the craftsman who made the found helmet. Based on the shape factor of the deformed sulfide inclusions, the degree of deformation required for the helmet's production was determined. From the calculated degree of deformation and knowledge of the wall thickness of the helmet and its mass, the dimensions of the raw material from which the helmet was made were established. After various processing and annealing programs, a simulation of the helmet's production was conducted. The input material state was defined, and the temperature and minimum recrystallization time were determined through testing. The microstructure of the simulated samples was compared with that of the helmet, achieving a similar microstructure in the annealed samples. The crystal grains in these samples were larger than in the original, with the best match found in the sample with an initial thickness of 4 mm.

• Keywords: archaeometallurgy, tin bronze, Negova helmet, determining the degree of deformation, forming