Spanje v trenažno-tekmovalnem procesu vrhunskih rokometašev

Verdev, Hana (author), Pori, Primož (mentor), Kambič, Tim (comentor)

Spanje je ključno za telesno in duševno zdravje ter v športu pomembno vpliva na uspešnost v trenažno-tekmovalnem procesu. Spremljanje spanja je prav tako pomembno kot nadzorovanje obremenitev med treningi in tekmovanji, vendar ta praksa v nekaterih športih še ni splošno uveljavljena. Pogosto se spanje ocenjuje na podlagi subjektivnih ocen, ki jim manjka objektivna komponenta. Cilj magistrskega dela je bil preučiti vpliv različnih trenažno-tekmovalnih obremenitev na kakovost spanja vrhunskih rokometašev. Osredotočili smo se na analizo spanja v nočeh pred in po tekmovanju ter na preučevanje povezave med objektivnimi in subjektivnimi ocenami kakovosti spanja. Za zbiranje objektivnih podatkov smo uporabili Oura prstan, subjektivne ocene pa smo pridobili z metodo dnevnega vzorčenja prek aplikacije ExpiWell. Kombinacija metod je omogočila celovit vpogled v kakovost spanja vrhunskih rokometašev. Med različnimi trenažno-tekmovalnimi obremenitvami smo ugotovili statistično značilne razlike v ocenah kakovosti spanja (vsi p < 0,02), razen za oceno umirjenosti in oceno zakasnitve spanja. Rokometaši so najvišje ocene kakovosti spanja dosegli v nočeh po tekmah, medtem ko so najslabše spali v nočeh po prostih dneh (vsi p < 0,02). V nočeh po enem ali dveh treningih na dan ni bilo pomembnih razlik v ocenah kakovosti spanja (vsi p < 0,02), razen za oceno zakasnitve spanja in oceno umirjenosti. Pri primerjavi kakovosti spanja v nočeh pred in po tekmah je bilo ugotovljeno, da se je v noči po tekmi statistično značilno izboljšalo pet ocen: ocena spanja (+4 točke), ocena globokega spanja (+8 točk), ocena REM faze spanja (+9 točk), ocena učinkovitosti spanja (+5 točk) in celotna ocena spanja (+8 točk) (vsi p < 0,02), medtem ko se je ocena optimalnega časa za spanje poslabšala (–8 točk, p = 0,02). Prav tako nismo ugotovili statistično značilne povezave med subjektivnimi in objektivnimi ocenami kakovosti spanja (vse p > 0,22), kar kaže na slabo ujemanje med meritvami, pridobljenimi z Oura prstanom, in dnevnimi anketami. Objektivno spremljanje spanja se je izkazalo za koristno, saj je pokazalo na nujnost izboljšanja pristopov k zagotavljanju boljšega spanca predvsem v nočeh po prostih dneh. Naša študija poudarja pomembnost celostnega pristopa pri obravnavi rokometašev, ki vključuje natančnejši nadzor spanja in nadomestitev subjektivnih metod ocenjevanja kakovosti spanja (npr. vprašalnikov) z objektivnimi pristopi.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: Spanje, tekmovalno-trenažni proces, vrhunski rokometaši
• Work type: Master's thesis/paper
• Organization: FŠ - Faculty of Sport
• Year: 2024
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-164114
• Publication date in RUL: 17.10.2024

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: Sleep in the training-competition process of elite handball players

Abstract

Sleep is crucial for physical and mental health and significantly impacts the performance of handball players in training and competition processes. Monitoring sleep is as important as monitoring workloads during training and competitions, but this practice is not yet widely established in some sports. Sleep is often evaluated based on subjective assessments that lack an objective component. The aim of this master's thesis was to examine the impact of various training and competition loads on the sleep quality of elite handball players. We also focused on analyzing sleep on the nights before and after competitions and on studying the relationship between objective and subjective assessments of sleep quality. We used the Oura ring to collect objective data, while subjective assessments were obtained through daily sampling via the ExpiWell application. This combination of methods provided a comprehensive insight into the sleep quality of elite handball players. We found statistically significant differences in sleep quality assessments between various training and competition loads (all p < 0.02), except for calmness and sleep latency assessments. Handball players achieved the highest sleep quality scores on nights after matches, while they slept worst on nights after rest days (all p < 0.016). There were no significant differences in sleep quality on nights after one or two training sessions per day (all p < 0.02), except for sleep latency and calmness assessments. When comparing sleep quality on nights before and after matches, five scores improved significantly after the match: sleep score (+4 points), deep sleep score (+8 points), REM sleep phase score (9 points), sleep efficiency score (+5 points), and overall sleep score (+8 points) (all p < 0.02), while the optimal sleep time score worsened (-8 points, p = 0.02). We also found no statistically significant correlation between subjective and objective assessments of sleep quality (all p > 0.22), indicating poor agreement between measurements obtained with the Oura ring and daily surveys. Objective sleep monitoring proved beneficial, as it highlighted the necessity to improve approaches to ensuring better sleep, especially on nights after rest days. Our research emphasizes the importance of a holistic approach in treating handball players, which includes more precise sleep monitoring and replacing subjective methods of assessing sleep quality (e.g., questionnaires) with objective approaches.

• Keywords: Sleep, training-competitive process, elite handball players