Razlike v odnosu sila-hitrost-moč pri nalogu, vlečenju za nalog in skoku iz polčepa

Žnidaršič, Sara (avtor), Štirn, Igor (mentor), Spudić, Darjan (komentor)

Namen magistrskega dela je bil primerjati razlike v odnosu sila-hitrost-moč (F-v-P) pri nalogu na moč iz visa (NA), vlečenju za nalog iz visa (VL) in skoku iz polčepa z bremenom (SJB). Poleg tega smo želeli preveriti do kakšnih razlik pride med izkušenimi in neizkušenimi olimpijskimi dvigalci uteži, ter kakšno povezanost imajo spremenljivke odnosa F-v-P testov moči s testi gibalnih sposobnosti. V raziskavi je sodelovalo 10 izkušenih dvigalcev uteži (starost 30 ± 8 let; telesna teža 95,6 ± 9,4 kg) in 12 neizkušenih dvigalcev uteži (starost 25 ± 5 let; telesna teža 85,0 ± 8,1 kg). Meritve so bile izvedene v dveh obiskih, na prvem obisku smo izmerili teste moči, na drugem pa teste gibalnih sposobnosti. Teste moči (NA, VL in SJB) so izvajali s štirimi različnimi bremeni, relativnimi na telesno težo in sicer 45, 60, 75 in 90 % telesne teže posameznika. Pri vsakem bremenu je preizkušanec izvedel 3 ponovitve vsake vaje. Testi gibalnih sposobnosti so obsegali sprint na 20 m (S20), ki je vseboval tudi sprint na 5 m (S5) in sprint 10 m (S10), prilagojeni T-test agilnosti (T-test), skok iz polčepa (SJ) in skok z nasprotnim gibanjem (CMJ). Sprint in T-test je vsak preizkušanec izvedel dvakrat, skok iz polčepa in skok z nasprotnim gibanjem pa trikrat. Po opravljenih meritvah smo izračunali spremenljivke odnosa F-v-P in sicer največja teoretična sila (F0), največja teoretična hitrost (v0), največja mehanska moč (Pmax) in razmerje med spremembo sile in spremembo hitrosti (naklon). Razlik med izkušenimi in neizkušenimi dvigalci uteži pri testih gibalnih sposobnosti ni bilo, prav tako nismo odkrili razlik med skupinama v spremenljivkah odnosa F-v-P. Pri izkušenih dvigalcih je prišlo do razlik med SJB in VL pri F0 (p < 0,05), pri neizkušenih dvigalcih pa je prišlo do razlik med SJB in VL pri Pmax (p < 0,05). Povezanost med spremenljivkami odnosa F-v-P in testi gibalnih sposobnosti na celotnem vzorcu kot tudi pri ločeni primerjavi skupin izkušenih in neizkušenih dvigalcev uteži ni pokazala povsem pričakovanih rezultatov. Kar precej povezanosti se je izkazalo kot negativnih, kar pomeni, da so preizkušanci z boljšimi rezultati testov gibalnih sposobnosti dosegali slabše rezultate v spremenljivkah odnosa F-v-P testov moči. Rezultati niso pokazali dovolj jasnega stanja, zato bi bilo potrebno opraviti nadaljnje raziskave.

• Jezik: Slovenski jezik
• Ključne besede: olimpijsko dviganje uteži, profil, mehanska moč, gibalne sposobnosti
• Vrsta gradiva: Magistrsko delo/naloga
• Organizacija: FŠ - Fakulteta za šport
• Leto izida: 2024
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-163956
• Datum objave v RUL: 15.10.2024

Sekundarni jezik

• Jezik: Angleški jezik
• Naslov: Differences in force-velocity-power profiles between clean, clean pull and squat jump

Izvleček

The aim of the master's thesis was to compare the differences in the force-velocity-power profiles (F-v-P) between the hang power clean (NA), hang clean pull (VL) and loaded squat jump (SJB). In addition, we wanted to examine the differences between experienced and inexperienced olympic weightlifters, and how the variables of the F-v-P profile of strength tests relate to motor ability tests. Ten experienced weightlifters (age 30 ± 8 years; body weight 95,6 ± 9,4 kg) and 12 inexperienced weightlifters (age 25 ± 5 years; body weight 85,0 ± 8,1 kg) participated in the study. Measurements were performed in two visits, in which the strength tests were measured in the first visit and motor ability tests in the second visit. The strength tests (NA, VL and SJB) were performed with four different loads relative to body weight, which was 45, 60, 75 and 90 % of the individual's body weight. For each load, the subject performed 3 repetitions of each exercise. Motor ability tests consisted of 20 m sprint (S20), which also included 5 m sprint (S5) and 10 m sprint (S10), modified agility T-test (T-test), squat jump (SJ) and countermovement jump (CMJ). Sprint and T-test were performed twice by each subject, and squat jump and countermovement jump were performed three times by each subject. After the measurements were completed, we calculated the F-v-P profile variables of maximum theoretical force (F0), maximum theoretical velocity (v0), maximum mechanical power (Pmax) and slope of the force-velocity curve (naklon). There were no differences between experienced and inexperienced weightlifters in the motor ability tests, and we found no differences between the two groups in the F-v-P profile variables. With experienced lifters, there were differences between SJB and VL at F0 (p < 0,05), whereas with inexperienced lifters, there were differences between SJB and VL at Pmax (p < 0,05). The association between the F-v-P profile variables and motor ability tests of the total sample as well as when comparing the groups of experienced and inexperienced weightlifters separately did not show the fully expected results. Quite a lot of the correlations turned out to be negative, which means, that subjects with better results on the motor ability tests got worse results on the F-v-P profile variables of the strength tests. The results were not clear enough and further research should be conducted.

• Ključne besede: olympic weightlifting, profile, power, motor abilities