Uporaba elektroencefalogramske nevrobiološke povratne zanke (EEG nevrofeedback) za lajšanje motoričnih deficitov bolnikov s Parkinsonovo boleznijo: sistematični pregled literature : magistrsko delo

Blaznik, Laura (author), Marušič, Uroš (mentor)

Parkinsonova bolezen (PB) je progresivna nevrodegenerativna motnja, ki prizadene več kot odstotek celotne svetovne populacije. Značilna je po svojih motoričnih simptomih, kot so tresenje, togost, počasnost gibanja in težave z ravnotežjem. Kljub napredku v razumevanju in zdravljenju PB ostaja potreba po novih terapevtskih pristopih. Ena izmed obetavnih metod, ki nas je pritegnila, je elektroencefalogramski nevrofeedback (EEG NFB). Metoda, ki temelji na principih instrumentalnega učenja in nevroplastičnosti, omogoča posameznikom, da aktivno vplivajo na svoje možganske valove in tako potencialno izboljšajo svoje kognitivne in motorične funkcije. Posebej nas zanima, kako lahko EEG NFB prispeva k lajšanju motoričnih deficitov, saj trenutne študije nakazujejo, da specifične frekvence možganskih valov, kot so beta in senzomotorični ritem (SMR), igrajo ključno vlogo pri regulaciji motoričnih funkcij. Odločili smo se za sistematični pregled literature, ki raziskuje vpliv EEG NFB na lajšanje motoričnih deficitov pri bolnikih s PB. Cilj naše študije je bil oceniti obstoječe dokaze, identificirati glavne trende in ugotoviti potencialne možnosti za prihodnje raziskave na tem področju. Pregledali smo različne študije, pridobljene iz strani PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science in Europe PMC, ki so uporabljale EEG NFB za obravnavo motoričnih simptomov PB, ter analizirali rezultate v kontekstu potencialnih mehanizmov delovanja, praktičnih implikacij ter izzivov pri implementaciji te metode. Končno število študij, ki so ustrezale našim vključitvenim kriterijem, je bilo 5. Vse so bile po metodologiji in protokolih zelo različne. Vključili smo študijo primera, pilotno študijo in tri randomizirane kontrolne študije. Kljub razlikam so rezultati pokazali, da EEG NFB lahko izboljša motorične deficite, povezane z ravnotežnimi in mobilnostnimi težavami. Za zanesljive zaključke pa so potrebne nadaljnje raziskave, saj trenutni rezultati temeljijo na majhnih vzorcih in kratkoročnih študijah. Prav tako je pomembno razviti natančnejše protokole in prilagoditi terapije individualnim potrebam posameznikov. EEG NFB ima velik potencial za prihodnost, predvsem z vključitvijo strojnega učenja in virtualne resničnosti, kar bi lahko znatno izboljšalo učinkovitost terapije in njeno prilagodljivost.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: Parkinsonova bolezen, motorični deficiti, biološka povratna zanka, nevrobiološka povratna zanka, elektroencefalografija, kognitivna znanost
• Work type: Master's thesis/paper
• Typology: 2.09 - Master's Thesis
• Organization: PEF - Faculty of Education
• Place of publishing: Ljubljana
• Publisher: L. Blaznik
• Year: 2024
• Number of pages: 44 str.
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-163811
• UDC: 616.858(043.2)
• COBISS.SI-ID: 211370243
• Publication date in RUL: 11.10.2024

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: Use of Electroencephalography-Based Neurofeedback (EEG Neurofeedback) as a Treatment for Motor Deficits in People with Parkinson Disease

Abstract

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder affecting more than percent of the global population. It is characterized by motor symptoms such as tremors, rigidity, bradykinesia, and balance issues. Despite advances in understanding and treating PD, there remains a need for new therapeutic approaches. One promising method that has captured our interest is electroencephalogram neurofeedback (EEG NFB). This technique, based on principles of instrumental learning and neuroplasticity, allows individuals to actively influence their brain waves, potentially improving cognitive and motor functions. We are particularly interested in how EEG NFB can alleviate motor deficits, as current studies suggest that specific brain wave frequencies, such as beta and sensorimotor rhythm (SMR), play a crucial role in regulating motor functions. We conducted a systematic review of the literature exploring the impact of EEG NFB on alleviating motor deficits in PD patients. The aim of our study was to assess existing evidence, identify key trends, and determine potential directions for future research in this area. We reviewed various studies obtained from PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Europe PMC that utilized EEG NFB to address motor symptoms of PD and analyzed the results in the context of potential mechanisms of action, practical implications, and challenges in implementing this method. The final number of studies meeting our inclusion criteria was five. These studies varied significantly in methodology and protocols, including a case study, a pilot study, and three randomized controlled trials. Despite these differences, results indicated that EEG NFB can improve motor deficits related to balance and mobility issues. However, further research is needed to draw reliable conclusions, as current results are based on small samples and short-term studies. It is also important to develop more precise protocols and tailor therapies to the individual needs of patients. EEG NFB holds great potential for the future, especially with the integration of machine learning and virtual reality, which could significantly enhance the efficacy and adaptability of the therapy.

• Keywords: Parkinson’s disease, motor deficits, biofeedback, neurofeedback, electroencephalography