Cardiovascular drugs as water contaminants and analytical challenges in the evaluation of their degradation

Kravos, Aleksander (author), Žgajnar Gotvajn, Andreja (author), Prosen, Helena (author)

Cardiovascular drugs have been a burning topic in the field of environmental analytical chemistry in the last few decades. Growing modern healthcare has led to the widespread use of pharmaceuticals. Among these, antihypertensives (sartans, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors) and lipid-regulating drugs (fibrates and statins) are the most frequently consumed and, thus, excreted into wastewater. Their chemical fate during conventional and advanced wastewater treatment, such as ozonation, remains unclear. Analytical chemistry, providing sample pretreatment followed by instrumental analysis, has a tremendous role in water treatment evaluation, mostly from the perspective of parent contaminants’ removals and also assessment of transformation pathways. Ultrasensitive liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC-MS) systems provide many opportunities. By carefully using planned workflows for chromatographic and mass-spectrometric data processing, i.e., suspect and non-target screening approaches, LC-MS allows for the identification and structural elucidation of unknown, predicted, suspected or selected transformation products. Accordingly, some examples and case studies on selected cardiovascular drugs in this review are presented to show the applicability of the used analytical approaches and workflows.

• Language: English
• Keywords: LC-MS, ozonation, pharmaceuticals, structural elucidation, transformation products, wastewater
• Work type: Article
• Typology: 1.02 - Review Article
• Organization: FKKT - Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology
• Publication status: Published
• Publication version: Version of Record
• Year: 2024
• Number of pages: 30 str.
• Numbering: Vol. 12, iss. 10, art. 2177
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-163511
• UDC: 628.349:66.094.3-926.214:615.22:543.544.5
• ISSN on article: 2227-9717
• DOI: 10.3390/pr12102177
• COBISS.SI-ID: 210592771
• Publication date in RUL: 08.10.2024

Record is a part of a journal

• Title: Processes
• Shortened title: Processes
• Publisher: MDPI
• ISSN: 2227-9717
• COBISS.SI-ID: 523353113

Licences

• License: CC BY 4.0, Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
• Link: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
• Description: This is the standard Creative Commons license that gives others maximum freedom to do what they want with the work as long as they credit the author.

Secondary language

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: LC-MS, ozonacija, zdravila, strukturna identifikacija, transformacijski produkti, odpadne vode