Introduction: Malignant melanoma is the most dangerous form of cancer. It is characterized by mutations in pigment cells, most commonly caused by exposure to UV radiation. The ABCDE method is used for the examination of skin lesions, a key approach for detecting potential melanoma. To further confirm a real malignant melanoma, additional surgical procedures, such as biopsy or dermatoscopy, are performed. Prevention and adherence to general sun protection guidelines are of paramount importance. Malignant melanoma presents significant psychological challenges for individuals, often triggering strong emotional responses, making social and psychological support essential. Lifestyle plays a significant role in the development of melanoma. Unhealthy lifestyle choices (such as smoking, alcohol consumption, poor diet, obesity, etc.) increase the risk of developing malignant melanoma. Purpose: The aim of this thesis is to present malignant melanoma, how to recognize it, what life is like for individuals with the disease, the impact of risk factors on melanoma development, and how even the younger population copes with malignant melanoma treatment. Methods: A literature review was conducted. Primarily foreign literature was used for the review. We focused on literature less than ten years old, utilizing scientific and professional sources. A detailed review covered eight scientific or professional articles. Results: We answered two research questions: how risk factors influence the development of malignant melanoma and how malignant melanoma affects the lives of those diagnosed with the disease. Everyday lifestyle is a fundamental aspect of human life, and its effects accumulate in the body. Factors such as circadian rhythm disturbances, smoking, alcohol consumption, dietary fats, obesity, and UV exposure are closely linked to the risk of malignant melanoma. Upon receiving a melanoma diagnosis, individuals often experience a range of emotions, including fear, anxiety, depression, and stress, which pose significant challenges. Thus, psychological and emotional support is crucial, as melanoma affects mental, social, and physical well-being. Discussion and conclusion: Malignant melanoma can occur in all tissues and organs of the human body. Compared to other cancers, it can also be detected through non-invasive procedures. Awareness of the importance of skin protection from UV rays is essential. The quality of life for people with malignant melanoma encompasses various aspects, both physical and psychological. Despite the existence of support groups, efforts could be made to encourage individuals, especially the younger population diagnosed with malignant melanoma, to actively participate in these groups.
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