Introduction: The exact number of different types of articulators worldwide is difficult to determine precisely, but it can be said with certainty that there are more than a hundred. This diversity suggests an area still ripe with unexplained aspects. It could indicate a dynamic market where there is a constant need for innovations and adjustments. Alternatively, it may reflect the adaptability of the stomatognathic system, which accommodates various constructions designed according to different prosthetic concepts and types of articulators. Over the years, increasingly precise articulators have been developed, featuring more adaptable determinants of occlusion. An articulator is a mechanical device that mimics certain parts of the stomatognathic system and reproduces its basic functional movements. Purpose: The aim of this thesis is to thoroughly explain the role of articulators in a dental laboratory by analyzing professional and scientific literature, covering everything from basic structure to complex occlusal aspects, with a focus on types, errors, and practical use in a laboratory setting. Methods: Our approach to gathering information was based on the use of the descriptive method. We reviewed books and professional literature focused on topics such as articulators, the influence of occlusal determinants on articulators, the intercuspidation position of the mandible, and occlusal units of prosthetic occlusion. We utilized various data platforms such as PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. Results: In the laboratory, we poured upper and lower models using type 4 gypsum. We then mounted them in the articulator using a symphysis pointer and elastic bands and modeled a wax construction. Discussion and conclusion: The thesis discusses the development and significance of articulators in dental prosthetics, which allow for precise simulation of jaw movements and analysis of occlusal contacts for creating dental prostheses. From the first mechanical models to modern virtual articulators, technology has greatly advanced. The future of dental prosthetics will likely be even more automated, with machines taking over a larger part of the prosthesis fabrication process. This will further increase accuracy, save time and materials, and improve the quality of final products.
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