Dejavniki tveganja za nastanek poškodb sprednje križne vezi pri vrhunskih alpskih smučarjih - pregled literature : diplomsko delo

Rženičnik, Liza (author), Hiti, Nina (mentor), Brezovar, Tjaž (comentor), Grapar Žargi, Tina (reviewer)

Uvod: Alpsko smučanje je eden izmed bolj priljubljenih zimskih športov, ki pritegne milijone športnikov in rekreativcev po vsem svetu. Za pridobivanje smučarskega znanja so potrebne primarne gibalne sposobnosti, med katere prištevamo: mišično jakost, hitrost gibanja, koordinacijo, gibljivost, ravnotežje in preciznost. V alpskem smučanju je tveganje za nastanek poškodb zelo veliko. Najpogosteje poškodovan sklep je kolenski, od tega skoraj polovica poškodb vključuje poškodbo sprednje križne vezi. Namen: Namen diplomskega dela je bil na podlagi pregleda literature ugotoviti dejavnike tveganja za nastanek poškodb sprednje križne vezi pri vrhunskih alpskih smučarjih. Metode dela: Uporabili smo deskriptivno metodo dela s pregledom strokovne literature. Članke smo iskali v podatkovni zbirki PubMed s ključnimi besedami alpine skiing AND ACL injury AND risk factors. Vključili smo članke, ki so bili objavljeni v angleškem jeziku in so preučevali poškodbo ACL pri tekmovalcih alpskega smučanja. Rezultati: V analizo smo vključili šest strokovnih člankov, od tega tri retrospektivne raziskave, dve prospektivni raziskavi in eno presečno raziskavo. Pri antropometričnih podatkih ni razlik med poškodovanimi in nepoškodovanimi. Raziskave se med seboj razlikujejo po splošni telesni pripravljenosti in po spolu tekmovalcev. Več poškodb sprednje križne vezi utrpijo tekmovalci v tehničnih disciplinah v primerjavi s hitrimi disciplinami, tekmovalci z manj izkušnjami in z večjo utrujenostjo. Tekmovalci s poškodbo sprednje križne vezi imajo večji delež staršev, ki so imeli enako poškodbo. Razprava in zaključek: Na področju poškodb pri tekmovalcih alpskega smučanja je malo raziskav. Na podlagi pregleda literature so se potencialni dejavniki tveganja v grobem delili na zunanje in notranje dejavnike tveganja. Med zunanje dejavnike tveganja sodijo: smučarska disciplina, kjer je večje tveganje pri tehničnih disciplinah, spremembe snežnih razmer in zahtevnost postavitve prog. Pod notranje dejavnike tveganja pa sodijo: jakost mišic trupa, razlika v eksplozivni moči med spodnjima udoma, starost, manjša izkušenost, družinska anamneza, utrujenost ter večja uspešnost na tekmovanju. Potrebne so dodatne raziskave na področju dejavnikov tveganja v tekmovalnem delu alpskega smučanja, saj se rezultati raziskav med seboj razlikujejo.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: diplomska dela, fizioterapija, alpsko smučanje, tekmovalci, poškodbe, sprednja križna vez, dejavniki tveganja
• Work type: Bachelor thesis/paper
• Typology: 2.11 - Undergraduate Thesis
• Organization: ZF - Faculty of Health Sciences
• Place of publishing: Ljubljana
• Publisher: [L. Rženičnik]
• Year: 2024
• Number of pages: 27 str., [2] str. pril.
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-162635
• UDC: 615.8
• COBISS.SI-ID: 208971523
• Publication date in RUL: 26.09.2024

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: Risk factors for anterior cruciate ligament injuries in elite alpine skiers - literature review : diploma work

Abstract

Introduction: Alpine skiing is one of the most popular winter sports, attracting millions of people all over the world. To acquire skiing skills, primary movement skills including muscle strenght, speed of movement, coordination, mobility, balance and precision are necessary. In alpine skiing, the risk of injury is very high. The most injured joint is the knee joint and almost half of the injuries involve anterior cruciate ligament injury. Purpose: The purpose of this thesis review was to determine the risk factors for anterior cruciate ligament injuries in elite alpine skiers. Methods: We used a descriptive method of a literature review. The articles were searched in the PubMed database using combination of the following keywords: alpine skiing AND ACL injury AND risk factors. We included articles that were in English and that examined ACL injuries in alpine skiers. Results: Six articles were included in the analysis, of those 3 retrospective studies, 2 prospective studies and 1 cross-sectional study. There were no differences in anthropometric data between injured and non-injured. Studies differed from each other in terms of general fitness and the gender of included competitors. More ACL injuries occur in technical disciplines compared to fast disciplines, involving competitors with less experience and with poorer physical fitness levels. Competitors with an anterior cruciate ligament injury have a higher proportion of parents who had the same injury. Discussion and conclusion: There is lack of research in the area of injuries in alpine skiing competitors. Based on the literature review, potential risk factors were roughly divided into external and internal risk factors. External risk factors include the skiing discipline, where the risk is greater in technical disciplines, changes in snow conditions and the complexity of slope layout. Internal risk factors include trunk muscle strength, difference in explosive power between the lower limbs, age, less experience, family history, fatigue and greater success in competition. Additional research focused on risk factors in the competitive part of alpine skiing is needed, as the results of research are inconsistent.

• Keywords: diploma theses, physiotherapy, alpine skiing, competitors, injuries, anterior cruciate ligament, risk factors