Vpliv zahteve Ustavnega sodišča RS po višjem standardu obrazloženosti odredb prikritih preiskovalnih ukrepov na tožilsko in sodno prakso

Kerkoč, Alen (author), Hafner, Miha (mentor)

Naloga obravnava vpliv zahteve Ustavnega sodišča RS po višjem standardu obrazloženosti odredb prikritih preiskovalnih ukrepov na tožilsko in sodno prakso. Ustrezno obrazložena odredba za tovrstne ukrepe je ključna za preprečevanje samovoljnega ravnanja organov pregona in morebitnih zlorab, zato je v ospredju naloge vprašanje, kakšen mora biti standard obrazloženosti predlogov in odredb za prikrite preiskovalne ukrepe, da se še lahko zagotavlja ustrezna ex post presoja teh ukrepov glede na to, da slednji ne omogočajo predhodne kontradiktornosti. Naloga v teoretičnem delu z vidika obravnavane tematike vsebuje pregled in kritiko trenutne zakonske ureditve prikritih preiskovalnih ukrepov ter pregled prakse Ustavnega sodišča RS, ki je s svojimi odločitvami (pod vplivom odločitev Evropskega sodišča za človekove pravice) dvignilo raven ustreznosti obrazloženosti odredb, predvsem z vidika 22. člena Ustave RS. Ustavno sodišče RS je v več zadevah (predvsem z zadevo Up-1006/13 z dne 9. 6. 2016) poudarilo dvojno vlogo ustreznega predhodnega sodnega nadzora: zagotavljanje ustavnosti in zakonitosti posegov izvršilne veje oblasti ter zagotavljanje možnosti naknadne presoje upravičenosti posegov v pravico do zasebnosti. Empirični del naloge pa na podlagi statističnih podatkov in intervjujev z deležniki pravosodja analizira tezo, ali se je zaradi višjih zahtev po ustrezni obrazloženosti odredb prikritih preiskovalnih ukrepov občutno zmanjšalo število izdanih odredb in če navedeno morebiti vpliva na dinamiko preiskovanja kaznivih dejanj organiziranega kriminala. Na koncu se z deležniki pravosodja tudi preuči praktične odzive in izzive na predstavljene zahteve Ustavnega sodišča RS.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: prikriti preiskovalni ukrepi, ustrezna obrazložitev odredb, jamstva poštenega kazenskega postopka, pravica do enakega varstva pravic, načelo enakosti orožij, učinkovitost pregona organiziranega kriminala
• Work type: Master's thesis/paper
• Organization: PF - Faculty of Law
• Year: 2024
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-162025
• COBISS.SI-ID: 212841987
• Publication date in RUL: 18.09.2024

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: Impact of the Slovenian Constitutional Court’s Requirement for a Higher Standard of Reasoning for Orders for Secret Investigative Measures on Prosecutorial and Judicial Practice

Abstract

The thesis examines the impact of the requirement of the Slovenian Constitutional Court for a higher standard of reasoning for orders for secret investigative measures on prosecutorial and judicial practice. A properly reasoned order for such measures is crucial to prevent arbitrary conduct of law enforcement authorities as well as other potential abuses. Therefore, the focus of this paper lies in the question as to what the standard of reasoning of motions and orders for secret investigative measures has to be in order to ensure a proper ex-post review, given that the nature of such measures does not allow for prior contradictory proceedings. The theoretical part of the paper provides an overview and critique of the current legislation on secret investigative measures, as well as an overview of the jurisprudence of the Constitutional Court of the Republic of Slovenia, whose decisions (influenced by the decisions of the European Court of Human Rights) have raised the level of the adequacy of the reasoning required for such orders, especially with regard to the article 22(2) of the Constitution of the Republic of Slovenia. The Constitutional Court of the Republic of Slovenia has in several cases (particularly in case Up-1006/13 dated 9 June 2016) emphasised the dual role of the appropriate ex-ante judicial review: ensuring the constitutionality and legality of the interventions by the executive branch, as well as providing for subsequent assessment of the justification of intrusions into the right to privacy. The empirical part of the thesis analyses, on the basis of statistical data and interviews carried out with judicial stakeholders, whether the increased requirements of reasoning for orders for secret investigative measures have resulted in a notable decrease in the issuance of such orders, as well as whether this might impact the dynamics of investigations of organised crime. Lastly, the paper also examines, with an input from judicial stakeholders, the practical responses and challenges to the presented requirements of the Constitutional Court.

• Keywords: secret investigative measures, adequate justification of orders for secret investigative measures, guarantees of fair (pre)criminal proceedings, right to equal protection of rights, principle of equality of arms, effectiveness of prosecution